Modelling of a power-to-gas system to predict the levelised cost of energy of an advanced renewable gaseous transport fuel

McDonagh, Shane; O’Shea, Richard; Wall, David; Deane, Paul; Murphy, Jerry

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.019

Cited by 96 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These costs are expected to decrease as the scale of the system increases. The cost of hydrogen from electrolysis is somewhat challenging considering the variables involved; however, it is generally agreed that cost of electricity is a major contributor with up to 65% of the cost of hydrogen (James et al, 2016;McDonagh et al, 2018). Clearly, the reduction in electrical energy input and lower cost of electricity can bring a shift change in the cost of electrolysis.…”

Section: Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Synthesis of Methane as a Pathway for Renewable Energy Storage With a Focus on Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell-Based Processes

et al. 2020

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Environmental issues related to global warming are constantly pushing the fossil fuelbased energy sector toward an efficient and economically viable utilization of renewable energy. However, challenges related to renewable energy call for alternative routes of its conversion to fuels and chemicals by an emerging Power-to-X approach. Methane is one such high-valued fuel that can be produced through renewables-powered electrolytic routes. Such routes employ alkaline electrolyzers, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, and solid oxide electrolyzers, commonly known as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). SOECs have the potential to utilize the waste heat generated from exothermic methanation reactions to reduce the expensive electrical energy input required for electrolysis. A further advantage of an SOEC lies in its capacity to coelectrolyze both steam and carbon dioxide as opposed to only water, and this inherent capability of an SOEC can be harnessed for in situ synthesis of methane within a single reactor. However, the concept of in situ methanation in SOECs is still at a nascent stage and requires significant advancements in SOEC materials, particularly in developing a cathode electrocatalyst that demonstrates activity toward both steam electrolysis and methanation reactions. Equally important is the appropriate reactor design along with optimization of cell operating conditions (temperature, pressure, and applied potential). This review elucidates those developments along with research and

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Section: Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Synthesis of Methane as a Pathway for Renewable Energy Storage With a Focus on Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell-Based Processes

et al. 2020

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“…BHM is a means of capturing CO 2 in biogas that would have been emitted to the atmosphere and converting to an extra quantity of renewable fuel; this is termed gaseous fuel from nonbiological origin in the recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) [12]. As such the system can be more sustainable than biogas by itself, if the hydrogen is sourced from renewable electricity that would have been curtailed or constrained [13]. In terms of economics, the BHM system can displace conventional biogas upgrading such as water scrubbing.…”

Section: Biological Hydrogen Methanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen may be generated from intermittent wind and solar energy that could otherwise have been curtailed or constrained [13] and used as an energy source or used in conjunction with AD plants to upgrade raw biogas to a grid quality biomethane gas (95% CH 4 ). As such, the CH 4 produced would allow for an efficient, costeffective energy storage of surplus/constrained electricity in the form of green gas in the natural gas grid.…”

Section: The Role Of Hydrogen In Power To Gas Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological hydrogen methanation systems – an overview of design and efficiency

et al. 2019

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The rise in intermittent renewable electricity production presents a global requirement for energy storage. Biological hydrogen methanation (BHM) facilitates wind and solar energy through the storage of otherwise curtailed or constrained electricity in the form of the gaseous energy vector biomethane. Biological methanation in the circular economy involves the reaction of hydrogenproduced during electrolysiswith carbon dioxide in biogas to produce methane (4H 2 + CO 2 = CH 4 + 2H 2), typically increasing the methane output of the biogas system by 70%. In this paper, several BHM systems were researched and a compilation of such systems was synthesized, facilitating comparison of key parameters such as methane evolution rate (MER) and retention time. Increased retention times were suggested to be related to less efficient systems with long travel paths for gases through reactors. A significant lack of information on gas-liquid transfer coefficient was identified.

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“…This is a trade-off between a better stack performance at high temperature and less power share of auxiliaries at lower temperature. Meanwhile, larger mass flows of cathode feedstock and anode sweep air will prevent water starvation, lower the oxygen partial pressure and thus improve the stack performance (lower U rev and U con as shown in (5) and (7)), while the energy loss due to thermal convection will be simultaneously increased. Still, it is a trade-off with respect to the feed flows between the stack performance and the auxiliaries' losses.…”

Section: Coordination Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous P2G pilot systems have been constructed around the world for research or demonstration purposes as seen in [5] and [6]. Actually, it is reported that the levelized fuel cost of P2G is potentially competitive to the prices of diesel and natural gas by 2020 [7], and it will not be long before a profitable plant is presented.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimization of hydrogen yield of a high-temperature electrolysis system with coordinated temperature and feed factors at various loading conditions: A model-based study

et al. 2018

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High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) is a promising technology for achieving high-efficiency power-to-gas, which mitigates the renewable curtailment while promoting decarbonization by transforming wind or solar energy into fuels. Different from low-temperature electrolysis, a considerable amount of the input energy is consumed by auxiliary equipment in an HTE system for maintaining the temperature, so the studies on systematic energy description and parameter optimization of HTE are essentially required. A few published studies investigated HTE's systematic optimization based on simulation, yet there is not a commonly used analytical optimization model which is more suitable for integration with power grid. To fill in this blank, a concise analytical operation model is proposed in this paper to coordinate the necessary power consumptions of auxiliaries under various loading conditions of an HTE system. First, this paper develops a comprehensive energy flow model for an HTE system based on the fundamentals extracted from the existing work, providing a quantitative description of the impacts of condition parameters, including the temperature and the feedstock flow rates. A concise operation model is then analytically proposed to search for the optimal operating states that maximize the hydrogen yield while meeting the desired system loading power by coordinating the temperature, the feedstock flows and the electrolysis current. The evaluation of system performance and the consideration of constraints caused by energy balances and necessary stack requirements are both included. In addition, analytical optimality conditions are obtained to locate the optimal operating states without performing nonlinear programming by further investigating the optimization method. In the case study, a numerical case of an HTE system is employed to validate the proposed operation model and optimization method, 1 arXiv:1810.06439v1 [physics.app-ph]

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Modelling of a power-to-gas system to predict the levelised cost of energy of an advanced renewable gaseous transport fuel

Cited by 96 publications

References 49 publications

A Review on Synthesis of Methane as a Pathway for Renewable Energy Storage With a Focus on Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell-Based Processes

A Review on Synthesis of Methane as a Pathway for Renewable Energy Storage With a Focus on Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell-Based Processes

Biological hydrogen methanation systems – an overview of design and efficiency

Optimization of hydrogen yield of a high-temperature electrolysis system with coordinated temperature and feed factors at various loading conditions: A model-based study

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