Modelling of a gas-fired heating boiler unit for residential buildings based on publicly available test data

Simić, Katarina; T’Jollyn, Ilya; Faes, Willem; Bastero, Josué Borrajo; Laverge, Jelle; Paepe, Michel De

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111451

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Further, while the ideal heater model serves as a reasonable basis for this analysis, future studies should validate the findings by modeling gas-fired devices in more detail, such as in [22].…”

Section: Methodological Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For hybrid heat pump systems, there is a gap between the ratio of electricity to gas for price and emissions [19][20][21], resulting in a trade-off for operation regarding economic and ecological objectives. Since gas boilers are the standard technology in existing buildings, bivalent systems support the transfer towards a sustainable building stock in the next decades [22]. However, to meet the set climate goals, minimizing emissions is vital [23].…”

Section: Necessity Of Back-up Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While researchers typically model an electric heating rod as an ideal heater with constant efficiency [4,15,29,34], models of gas boilers vary in their modeling depth [22]. To limit the computational complexity of this contribution, we model both BH types as an ideal heater with a constant efficiency of 97% and, therefore, neglect, e.g., water vapor condensation effects.…”

Section: Which To Choose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value is based on [15] for electric heating rods. According to [22], it is an upper boundary at part-load and low temperatures for condensing gas boilers. Thus, we consider 97% efficiency an upper bound for gas boilers.…”

Section: Which To Choose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we vary the ratios for costs and emissions and the efficiency is a direct product of the ratio in Equations ( 8) and ( 9), the exact efficiency value is not crucial for our findings. Nevertheless, future studies should encompass more detailed boiler models, as presented in [22].…”

Section: Which To Choose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Back-Up Heaters in Retrofit Heat Pump Systems: Which to Choose, Where to Place, and How to Control?

et al. 2022

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Back-up heaters are essential for sustainable retrofit heat pump systems to achieve low capital costs and high system temperatures. Despite its importance, current literature focuses primarily on single aspects of the interaction between the back-up heater and the heat pump system. Furthermore, influences of varying scenarios are typically not considered. This paper simultaneously investigates the impact of 18 different scenarios on the optimal answer to the questions: Which back-up heater to choose, where to place it, and how to control it? A scenario consists of boundary conditions for weather, building envelope, radiator sizing, operational envelope, and the electricity-to-gas price/emission ratio, respectively. Using annual dynamic Modelica simulations, we evaluate and assess all interdependencies based on a full factorial design. We analyze final energy consumption, thermal comfort, and back-up heater as objectives. For gas-fired back-up heaters, the optimal placement and control align with current state-of-the-art recommendations. However, for electric back-up heaters, current guideline recommendations yield up to 30% higher operational costs and emissions compared to our findings. Consequently, future studies should develop optimal design rules for sustainable retrofit heat pump systems.

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Section: Methodological Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Necessity Of Back-up Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%