Modelling microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron

Thomson, Rachel C.; James, J.S.; Putman, Duncan

doi:10.1179/026708300101507370

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Singh & Bhadeshia then incorporated the influence of strain on the kinetics of transformation (Singh & Bhadeshia 1996, 1998Singh 1998). Because of the complexity of the mathematical equations, the solutions were obtained numerically, but Chester & Bhadeshia (1997) later proved that an analytical solution is also possible; this work has been exploited by Thomson et al . (2000) in dealing with austempered ductile cast irons.…”

Section: Previous Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the bainite transformation

Matsuda

Bhadeshia

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

125

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A theory is developed for the evolution of bainite as a function of time, temperature, chemical composition and austenite grain size. The model takes into account the details of the mechanism of transformation, including the fact that nucleation begins at the austenite grain surfaces, and that the growth of a sheaf occurs by the repeated nucleation of small platelets. Predictions made using the model are shown to compare well against published isothermal and continuous cooling transformation data.

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Section: Previous Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the bainite transformation

Matsuda

Bhadeshia

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

125

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“…1, with only slight changes in the characteristic temperatures. In this table are also listed the characteristic temperatures (°C) estimated according to the following formulas where wi (mass%) is the alloying content of element "i": 7) .......... (1) ......... (2) ..... (3) .... (4) These formulas have been calculated using a thermodynamic software and associated databases as previously described. 7) They are thus valid for the low carbon content that prevails at the eutectoid reaction, and account should be made of the presence of graphite that leads to redistribution of all alloying elements but carbon in the matrix.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding temperature ranges have to be considered for describing the eutectoid transformation of austenite upon cooling as well as for controlling full or partial reaustenitization that may be called reverse eutectoid transformation. Recent interest has been focused on this latter for manufacturing austempered ductile irons (ADI) parts as stressed by a number of works dealing with kinetics of austenitization 1,2) and its physical modelling. 3,4) A clear understanding of the conditions for nucleation and growth of the new phases is necessary for modelling of direct and reverse eutectoid transformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Temperature Range in Standard and Ni-bearing Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons

et al. 2012

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Describing the conditions for reaustenitization of spheroidal graphite cast irons is of interest for their heat-treatment after casting, e.g. for manufacturing austempered ductile irons. Differential thermal analysis has been used to characterize the direct eutectoid transformation and the reverse transformation, i.e. the reaustenitization. This has been applied to a standard and a Ni-bearing alloy, with a ferritic matrix for the former, both a ferritic and a pearlitic matrix for the latter. The results are discussed in relation with the stable and metastable three phase fields. While earlier description of the direct eutectoid transformation is confirmed, the one for reverse eutectoid has been found more complex and is amended.

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“…Consequently, it is prone to have relatively higher mechanical properties than gray cast iron [2,8,9]. Further improvement on properties can be brought about by processing and heat treatment to obtain a wide range and superior combination of mechanical properties [1,4,10,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple inoculations of ductile iron and the effects on properties

Badmos

Fakehinde²

2015

IJET

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Multiple inoculation of ductile iron and the effects on the structure and mechanical properties have being investigated. Samples of ductile iron were produced with inoculation carried out either once or twice and with different materials as inoculants. Ferrosilicon was used for the primary inoculation and either ferrosilicon or nickel-ferrosilicon for the secondary inoculation. It is observed that the nodules produced are more and finer with multiple inoculations and the effect is more pronounced with nickel-ferrosilicon as the secondary inoculant. Multiple inoculations produce an increase in the hardness of ductile iron when ferrosilicon is used as the secondary inoculant while a decrease in the hardness is observed with nickel-ferrosilicon despite the finer nodules. This is explained by the fact that nickel enhances graphitization in cast iron thereby depleting carbon in the matrix and making the cast iron weaker but with more nodules.

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Modelling microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Kinetics of the bainite transformation

Kinetics of the bainite transformation

Critical Temperature Range in Standard and Ni-bearing Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons

Multiple inoculations of ductile iron and the effects on properties

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