Modelling Mechanical Properties of Topical Films Containing Ganoderma applanatum using the Design of Experiments

Abstract

With the guidance of Design-Expert® software version 11, the mechanical properties of topical films containing Ganoderma applanatum (G. applanatum) extracts were investigated. While ethyl cellulose (EC), G. applanatum extracts, and triethyl citrate (TEC) were independent factors, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation at break, and folding endurance were dependent variables. The best relationships between UTS, elongation at break, and folding endurance could be predicted more accurately using quadratic, 2FI, and linear models, respectively. The ratio of EC, G. applanatum extracts, and TEC was predicted by the Design of Experiments (DoE) to be 2.6: 2.8: 2.8. The model’s suitability for predicting outcomes inside the design space without necessitating extra trials was established by proving that the ratio’s value of prediction was more than 4. The experimental values of UTS, elongation at break, and folding endurance were 82.15±7.42 MPa, 87.40±15.56 %, and 79±6 folds, respectively. The percent errors of prediction were 12.27, 15.49, and 11.82 %, respectively. The Design-Expert® software’s DoE effectively demonstrated a low percent error of the prediction of less than 20 %. This was suitable and acceptable for developing film formulation in drug delivery systems. HIGHLIGHTS The formulations of topical films containing applanatum extract were optimized, and they were improved EC and TEC were used as polymer matrix and plasticizer, respectively The best relationships between UTS, elongation at break, and folding endurance could be predicted more accurately using quadratic, 2FI, and linear models, respectively UTS, elongation at break, and folding endurance experimental values were 82.15±7.42 MPa, 87.40±15.56 %, and 79±6 folds Less than 20 % was effectively proven which was enough and acceptable GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Applying Design of Experiments on the Mechanical Properties of Mefenamic Acid-Loaded Transdermal Films

“…The model's significance was verified by the UTS's ANOVA results, which had adequate precision of 5.9576. The "predicted R-squared" value of 0.9645 and the "adjusted R-squared" value of 0.9589 were both quite close to the actual result [7]. The model's F-value of 4.21 indicated that it was significant, and the probability of a significant "F-value model" owing to noise was 0.01 %.…”

“…In this instance, the model parameters "silicone rubber×mefenamic acid", "silicone rubber×DBS", "mefenamic acid×DBS", "silicone rubber 2 ", "mefenamic acid 2 " and "DBS 2 " were important (Figures 2 -3). The model's significance was verified by the ANOVA results, which had adequate precision of 9.5849 and 4.2353 for elongation at break and folding endurance, respectively [7]. The ratio was more than 4, indicating that the model could predict results inside the design space without the need for additional tests.…”

“…It is proven that the model can accurately predict results inside the design space with no requirement for extra trials. For the development of film formulation in drug delivery systems, this is appropriate and acceptable [7].…”

“…The mechanical characteristics of Ganoderma applanatum extract-containing topical films have been studied. The model, which combines the independent effects of ethyl cellulose, G. applanatum extracts and triethyl citrate, has been shown to accurately predict ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation at break and folding endurance [7]. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break properties of domperidone maleates patches demonstrate the strength and elasticity of the film.…”