Modelling human prostate cancer: Rat models

Nascimento-Gonçalves, Elisabete; Faustino-Rocha, Ana I.; Seixas, Fernanda; Ginja, Mário; Colaço, Bruno; Ferreira, Rita; Fardilha, Margarida; Oliveira, Paula A.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.014

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…The rat has also long been a common choice for pharmacology and toxicology studies because it shares a similar pathway with humans for eradicating toxins [ 8 ]. With respect to cancer research [ 9 , 10 ], and more precisely mammary cancer research, it is noteworthy that rat and human carcinomas show similar development and histopathological features [ 11 , 12 ]; furthermore, rat mammary tumors are strongly hormone dependent for both induction and growth, thus resembling human breast tumors and no virus appears to be involved in rat and human mammary carcinogenesis, unlike mouse mammary carcinogenesis the etiological agent of which is the mouse mammary tumor virus. As stated by Russo “The rat mammary tumor model is well suited for studying in situ and invasive lesions […].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes

Szpirer

2020

J Biomed Sci

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The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes

Szpirer

2020

J Biomed Sci

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“…Indeed, rats are relatively cheap, they are small animals, easy to accommodate and manipulate, their biology and physiology are well known, and most importantly, they are mammals. The chemically and hormonally induced model used in this experiment is also one of the most frequently chosen ones for the study of prostate carcinogenesis (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several species are available as models to study this disease, the rat is the most frequently used (7)(8)(9). Despite anatomical differences, prostate carcinogenesis in rats and men is controlled by similar molecular mechanisms, making the rat a valuable model for the study of human prostatic diseases, including cancer (7). Given the animal's size, it is not easy to assess the effectiveness of the protocol for cancer induction implemented in the laboratory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Follow-up of the Multistep Protocol for Prostate Cancer Induction in Wistar Rats

Faustino-Rocha

Seixas

Ferreira

et al. 2020

In Vivo

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Aim: This work intended to improve the knowledge of the rat model of prostate cancer (PCa) by ultrasonographic monitoring. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into control (n=8) and PCa (n=14) groups. PCa development was induced in the PCa group through the sequential administration of the anti-androgenic drug flutamide, testosterone propionate and the carcinogenic N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The prostate was evaluated by ultrasonography at five timepoints along 49 weeks of the experimental protocol. Ventral prostate lobes were observed in all ultrasonographic examinations. Results: The ventral prostate area of the control group increased gradually between the first and the last ultrasonographic examination. The ventral prostate area of PCa groups decreased due to flutamide administration and increased after androgen and carcinogen administration. The area of the dorsal prostate lobe increased between the fourth and the fifth ultrasonographic examination. In the last ultrasonographic examination, hypoechoic and anechoic lesions were observed in the PCa group. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting a follow-up of rat prostatic dimensions by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is a feasible approach for prostate cancer monitoring in experimental models.

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“…Annually, approximately 1.1 million men are diagnosed with prostate cancer (62). Moreover, worldwide, prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring type of cancer.…”

Section: Curcumin Regulates Cancer Micrornas (Mirnas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The targeting of non‑coding RNAs by curcumin: Facts and hopes for cancer therapy (Review)

et al. 2019

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Curcumin [(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione] is a natural polyphenol that is derived from the turmeric plant ( curcuma longa L.). Curcumin is widely used in food coloring, preservatives, and condiments. Curcumin possesses anti-tumor, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory efficacy, as well as other pharmacological effects. Emerging evidence indicates that curcumin alters microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various types of cancers. Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are non-coding RNAs that can epigenetically modulate the expression of multiple genes via post-transcriptional regulation. In the present review, the interactions between curcumin and non-coding RNAs are summarized in numerous types of cancers, including lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, nasopharyngeal, pancreatic, blood, and ovarian cancer, and the vital non-coding RNAs and their downstream targets are described.

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Modelling human prostate cancer: Rat models

Cited by 30 publications

References 124 publications

Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes

Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes

Ultrasonographic Follow-up of the Multistep Protocol for Prostate Cancer Induction in Wistar Rats

The targeting of non‑coding RNAs by curcumin: Facts and hopes for cancer therapy (Review)

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