Modelling HIV/AIDS and monkeypox co-infection

Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution

“…These studies are essential to our understanding of the host and viral factors that modulate MPXV pathogenesis and its possible emergence as a VARV-like pathogen. There are reports of co-infection of MPXV and VZV (Varicella-Zoster virus) [72,93,136,[204][205][206] and co-infection of MPXV and HIV [206][207][208]. Ogoina et al hypothesized that the alteration (in co-infected patients) in MPXV natural history and course of infection could be related to HIV immunosuppression.…”

Pengaruh Laju Penularan Penyakit Dan Rata-Rata Kontak Individu Pada Model Ko-Infeksi Hiv/Aids Dan Cacar Monyet (Monkeypox)

“…Cacar monyet (monkeypox) merupakan penyakit infeksi virus yang disebabkan oleh virus dengan genus orthopoxvirus, keluarga Poxviridae, dan keluarga Chordopoxvirinae yang dapat menginfeksi manusia, vertebrata, dan arthropoda [9]. Virus cacar monyet ditemukan pada tahun 1958 ketika diisolasi dari lesi penyakit vesikulopustular yang umumnya ada di kera Cynomolgus yang terdapat di Statens Serum institute, Coperhagen, Denmark [4]. Penyakit cacar monyet sebagian besar terjadi di hutan hujan Afrika bagian tengah dan barat pada hewan pengerat liar.…”

Equilibrium Analysis for an Epidemic Model with a Reservoir for Infection

“…In this paper we consider an epidemic model motivated by monkeypox, an emerging disease that has become more prevalent recently in several areas of Africa (Bhunu & Mushayabasa, 2011;Bhunu, Mushayabasa, & Hyman, 2012;Damon, 2011;Hammarlund et al, 2005;Hutin et al, 2001;Kantele, Chickering, Vapalahti, & Rimoin, 2016;Levine, Townsend, Carroll, Damon, & Reynolds, 2007;McCollum & Damon, 2014; The Center for Food Security and Public Health, 2013). It is believed that the noticeable increase in monkeypox (Nolen et al, 2016) is linked to the decrease in herd immunity to smallpox (Hutin et al, 2001;Levine et al, 2007;Lloyd-Smith et al, 2009;McCollum & Damon, 2014) due to the phasing out of smallpox vaccinations (Nolen et al, 2016;Rimoin & Graham, 2011;Rimoin et al, 2007Rimoin et al, , 2010.…”

“…This creates an asymmetric disease transmission between the animal and human populations, and we can effectively treat the animal population as a reservoir for the disease within which disease dynamics are independent from the disease's course in the human population. Monkeypox was explicitly modelled by Bhunu and Mushayabasa and Bhunu, Mushayabasa and Hyman with traditional SIR models in both the animal and human population, and with standard incidence for disease transmission (Bhunu & Mushayabasa, 2011;Bhunu et al, 2012). However, the analysis presented in Bhunu and Mushayabasa (2011) and Bhunu et al (2012) is not complete, and here we present an alternative full equilibrium analysis for the first model by Bhunu and Mushayabasa, and establish global stability of the endemic equilibrium in both populations under suitable conditions on the parameters (Bhunu & Mushayabasa, 2011).…”

“…Monkeypox was explicitly modelled by Bhunu and Mushayabasa and Bhunu, Mushayabasa and Hyman with traditional SIR models in both the animal and human population, and with standard incidence for disease transmission (Bhunu & Mushayabasa, 2011;Bhunu et al, 2012). However, the analysis presented in Bhunu and Mushayabasa (2011) and Bhunu et al (2012) is not complete, and here we present an alternative full equilibrium analysis for the first model by Bhunu and Mushayabasa, and establish global stability of the endemic equilibrium in both populations under suitable conditions on the parameters (Bhunu & Mushayabasa, 2011). We utilize the theory developed by Markus (1956) and later by Thieme and Castillo-Chavez (Castillo-Chavez & Thieme, 1994;Thieme, 1992) for asymptotically autonomous systems together with the techniques of identifying suitable Lyapunov functions for SIR models with standard incidence described by Vargas-De-León (2011).…”