Modelling Heart Rate Kinetics

Zakynthinaki, Maria S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118263

Cited by 42 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The temporal evolution of the heart rate (heart rate kinetics) of a person who starts moving from rest depends on the intensity of the exercise, as well as on a number of other factors, such as temperature, heat, fatigue, age, over-training, nutrition and hydration, altitude, medication, infectious disease or even mental activity [1,8,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two important values are associated with heart rate: its maximum value HR max , which is the highest value that can be achieved in an all-out effort to the point of exhaustion, and its resting value HR min , which is measured in the absence of any movement while the subject is relaxed but awake, in a neutrally temperate environment, not having recently exerted themselves or having been subject to stress or surprise [8,14,17,24]. Professional athletes have been reported to have a resting heart rate as low as 35 beats/min, while for a normal person of age 10 years or more it is normally 60 beats/min < HRmin < 100 beats/ min [1,9,24,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Professional athletes have been reported to have a resting heart rate as low as 35 beats/min, while for a normal person of age 10 years or more it is normally 60 beats/min < HRmin < 100 beats/ min [1,9,24,27]. Men have been shown to have a lower resting heart rate than women, with a reported difference of about 5 beats/min in athletes [24]. Regarding its maximum value HR max , it should be noted that this is a highly reliable value that remains constant for a particular subject [25] and changes only slightly with age (a slight but steady decrease of about one beat/min per year, beginning at 10 to 15 years of age, has been observed).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in heart rate can be provoked by physical exercise, fatigue (lactate accumulation in the blood), changes in temperature, sleep, nutrition, hydration, altitude, medication, diseases, anxiety or stress [1,8,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Simulating heart rate kinetics during incremental and interval training

Zakynthinaki

2016

Biomedical Human Kinetics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryStudy aim: To apply a recently proposed dynamical systems model to simulate, for the first time, the heart rate (HR) response to exercise of time-dependent intensity. Material and methods:The applied model is expressed in the form of two coupled ordinary differential equations, one giving the rate of change of HR and the other providing the time dependency of exercise intensity. According to the model, the HR is assumed to depend on time, velocity, lactate accumulation and the subject's overall cardiovascular condition. For the purposes of the present work, training sessions were simulated, consisting of exponentially and step-wise increasing intensities, as well as interval training. Results: Training sessions of exponentially and step-wise increasing velocity, as well as an interval training session, have been simulated. Successful simulations of the corresponding HR response were achieved. Conclusions: The present work successfully demonstrates the model's excellent performance in simulating the HR response to exercises of time-dependent intensity. The applied model has been shown to correctly simulate the heart rate response also during exercises of complicated intensity patterns, such as the interval training session. The study confirms the ability of the implemented mathematical model not only to simulate and predict heart rate kinetics for any given exercise intensities but also to provide important information regarding an individual's cardiovascular condition. This is of vast importance, not only in the area of fitness and sport, where it can serve as a fundamental tool for the design of efficient training sessions, but also in the areas of cardiovascular health, prediction and rehabilitation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Simulating heart rate kinetics during incremental and interval training

Zakynthinaki

2016

Biomedical Human Kinetics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effect of varying recovery intensities on power outputs during severe intensity intervals in trained cyclists during the Covid-19 pandemic

Chorley

Lamb

2023

Sport Sci Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The study aimed to investigate the effects of different recovery intensities on the power outputs of repeated severe intensity intervals and the implications for W′ reconstitution in trained cyclists. Methods Eighteen trained cyclists (FTP 258.0 ± 42.7 W; weekly training 8.6 ± 1.7 h∙week−1) familiar with interval training, use of the Zwift® platform throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, and previously established FTP (95% of mean power output from a 20-min test), performed 5 × 3-min severe intensity efforts interspersed with 2-min recoveries. Recovery intensities were: 50 W (LOW), 50% of functional threshold power (MOD), and self-selected power output (SELF). Results Whilst power outputs declined as the session progressed, mean power outputs during the severe intervals across the conditions were not different to each other (LOW 300.1 ± 48.1 W; MOD: 296.9 ± 50.4 W; SELF: 298.8 ± 53.3 W) despite the different recovery conditions. Mean power outputs of the self-selected recovery periods were 121.7 ± 26.2 W. However, intensity varied during the self-selected recovery periods, with values in the last 15 s being greater than the first 15 s (p < 0.001) and decreasing throughout the session (128.7 ± 25.4 W to 113.9 ± 29.3 W). Conclusion Reducing recovery intensities below 50% of FTP failed to enhance subsequent severe intensity intervals, suggesting that a lower limit for optimal W′ reconstitution had been reached. As self-selected recoveries were seen to adapt to maintain the severe intensity power output as the session progressed, adopting such a strategy might be preferential for interval training sessions.

show abstract