Modelling fuel demand for different socio-economic groups

The distributional effects of carbon-based food taxes

“…The estimation stage uses the SHBS data for the 2002 to 2013 period whereas the simulation phase uses data from 2013. 6 In the estimation of Equation (1), household expenditure is used as a proxy of income, firstly because income is strongly under-reported in household panel surveys (see for example Wadud et al, 2009) and secondly because household expenditure is a good proxy for permanent income (Poterba, 1990). The Food Price Index with a 2002 baseline is used for each item analysed.…”

Gasoline taxes or efficiency standards? A heterogeneous household demand analysis

“…Recent research has found evidence for heterogeneous demand response across households (Archibald and Gillingham, 1980;Kayser, 2000;Nicol, 2003;West and Williams, 2004;Wadud et al, 2007), and has suggested that the heterogeneity is associated with household demographics. The results of this study support those findings: substantial heterogeneity is shown by the bimodal distribution of the price elasticity.…”

Equity Evaluation of Sustainable Mileage-Based User Fee Scenarios

“…Thus, this research adopted the values of elasticity used in previous MBUF research (Burris and Larsen 2012) (see Table 6). Note that these values were derived from Wadud et al (2009) and are based on the price elasticity of gas. These elasticities were used to calculate the anticipated change in annual VMT for households within each subcategory disaggregated by household income level and geographic location.…”