2018
DOI: 10.19103/as.2017.0018.24
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Modelling environmental impacts of agriculture, focusing on oil palm

Abstract: Introduction 2 Characteristics of models and the system 3 Integrated environmental impact modelling approaches 4 Modelling impacts of cultivation on components of the environment 5 Modelling causal processes 6 Conclusions and research directions 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter taken from: Rival, A. (ed.), Achieving sustainable cultivation of oil palm Volume 2: Diseases, pests, quality and sustainability,

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Cited by 2 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…Chemical pesticides can harm beneficial insects such as pollinators, natural enemies of pests, and soil microorganisms, disrupting ecological balances and reducing the effectiveness of natural pest control mechanisms [25]. Furthermore, pesticide drift and runoff can contaminate nearby habitats and water sources, affecting non-target organisms and ecosystem functions beyond the boundaries of E. guineensis plantations [71].…”
Section: Non-target Effectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chemical pesticides can harm beneficial insects such as pollinators, natural enemies of pests, and soil microorganisms, disrupting ecological balances and reducing the effectiveness of natural pest control mechanisms [25]. Furthermore, pesticide drift and runoff can contaminate nearby habitats and water sources, affecting non-target organisms and ecosystem functions beyond the boundaries of E. guineensis plantations [71].…”
Section: Non-target Effectsmentioning
confidence: 99%