“…It is worth noting that this is not the only study to have recorded a positive relationship between income and electricity consumption. Studies such as Adom and Bekoe (), Ekpo et al . (), Inglesi (), Rafindadi and Ozturk () confirmed income positively affects electricity consumption, although they had an inelastic coefficients.…”
Section: Results and Discussion Of Findingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, owing to the argument that industrialisation relies on energy to function (Shahbaz and Lean, ) it is necessary to include industrialisation to the electricity consumption model in Egypt. Relying on the arguments by Adom and Bekoe () and Shahbaz and Lean () and considering the fact that electricity is regarded as a variable input for industries, it is expected that an expansion in the industrial sector of an economy would lead to an increase in electricity consumption. However, if the industrial sector is more energy efficient as it grows, it will reduce electricity consumption.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For some time now, the electricity consumption effects of other macroeconomic and demographical variables like population, urbanisation, industrialisation, foreign direct investment and financial development have gained much attention and been investigated alongside price and income. However, due to data limitation, many of such recent studies including Adom and Bekoe (, ) and Adom et al . () do not account for the effect of price on electricity consumption.…”
Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…() do not account for the effect of price on electricity consumption. Other variables such as weather (Hondroyiannis, ), policy changes (Adom and Bekoe, ) and trade openness (Bekhet and Othman, ; Rafindadi and Ozturk, ), have received less attention.…”
Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(). However, Adom and Bekoe () have criticised such methods since they fail to account for the effect of socioeconomic variables. Consequently, models based on fundamental economic analysis have been used by other researchers.…”
The study examined the determinants of electricity consumption for the Egyptian economy over the period of 1971–2012. An Engle‐Granger and the Phillips‐Ouliaris tests revealed that a long‐run relationship exists between electricity consumption, price, income, urbanisation, financial development, carbon emission, trade and education. Estimating the effects of these variables on the country's electricity consumption, the Phillips and Hansen (Review of Economic Studies, 57, 1990 and 99) Fully Modified OLS and Park's (Econometrica, 60, and 119) Canonical Cointegrating Regression models were employed. The estimated results showed that income, urbanisation, financial development, trade and education positively affect electricity consumption. While industrialisation had negative effect, price and carbon emissions were found not to have any significant effect on electricity consumption in Egypt. Policy implications based on the results are discussed.
“…It is worth noting that this is not the only study to have recorded a positive relationship between income and electricity consumption. Studies such as Adom and Bekoe (), Ekpo et al . (), Inglesi (), Rafindadi and Ozturk () confirmed income positively affects electricity consumption, although they had an inelastic coefficients.…”
Section: Results and Discussion Of Findingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, owing to the argument that industrialisation relies on energy to function (Shahbaz and Lean, ) it is necessary to include industrialisation to the electricity consumption model in Egypt. Relying on the arguments by Adom and Bekoe () and Shahbaz and Lean () and considering the fact that electricity is regarded as a variable input for industries, it is expected that an expansion in the industrial sector of an economy would lead to an increase in electricity consumption. However, if the industrial sector is more energy efficient as it grows, it will reduce electricity consumption.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For some time now, the electricity consumption effects of other macroeconomic and demographical variables like population, urbanisation, industrialisation, foreign direct investment and financial development have gained much attention and been investigated alongside price and income. However, due to data limitation, many of such recent studies including Adom and Bekoe (, ) and Adom et al . () do not account for the effect of price on electricity consumption.…”
Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…() do not account for the effect of price on electricity consumption. Other variables such as weather (Hondroyiannis, ), policy changes (Adom and Bekoe, ) and trade openness (Bekhet and Othman, ; Rafindadi and Ozturk, ), have received less attention.…”
Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(). However, Adom and Bekoe () have criticised such methods since they fail to account for the effect of socioeconomic variables. Consequently, models based on fundamental economic analysis have been used by other researchers.…”
The study examined the determinants of electricity consumption for the Egyptian economy over the period of 1971–2012. An Engle‐Granger and the Phillips‐Ouliaris tests revealed that a long‐run relationship exists between electricity consumption, price, income, urbanisation, financial development, carbon emission, trade and education. Estimating the effects of these variables on the country's electricity consumption, the Phillips and Hansen (Review of Economic Studies, 57, 1990 and 99) Fully Modified OLS and Park's (Econometrica, 60, and 119) Canonical Cointegrating Regression models were employed. The estimated results showed that income, urbanisation, financial development, trade and education positively affect electricity consumption. While industrialisation had negative effect, price and carbon emissions were found not to have any significant effect on electricity consumption in Egypt. Policy implications based on the results are discussed.
This study examines the effect of urbanization, income, trade openness, and institutional quality (i.e., regime type and durability) on environmental degradation in Ghana over the period 1965-2011. Using the bounds test approach to cointegration and the Fully Modified Phillip-Hansen (FMPH) technique, the findings show that urbanization, income, trade openness, and institutional quality have long-run cointegration with environmental degradation. Further, the results show that income, trade openness, and institutional quality are negatively associated with environmental degradation. This suggests that income, trade openness, and institutional quality enhance environmental performance. Urbanization, however, is positively related to environmental degradation. Additionally, long-run estimates conditioned on institutional quality reveal that the extent to which trade openness and urbanization enhance environmental performance is largely due to the presence of quality institutions (or democratic institutions). Finally, controlling for structural breaks, we find that trade openness, urbanization, and regime type (i.e., democracy) improve environmental performance significantly after the 1970s except for income.
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