Modelling distribution storage water quality: An analytical approach

Mau, Russell E.; Boulos, Paul F.; Bowcock, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/0307-904x(95)00129-8

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, they stated that the water quality models can only be effective for the simulation of reactive species if the reaction mechanisms are properly defined. The analytical approach for the water quality model within storage tanks for transport, mixing and kinetic reaction processes were carried out by Mau and Boulos [86]. The model generated results showed good agreements with the observed field measurements.…”

Section: Water Quality Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 66%

Towards Development of an Optimization Model to Identify Contamination Source in a Water Distribution Network

Adedoja

Hamam

Khalaf

et al. 2018

Water

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Protection of the water system is paramount due to the negative consequences of contaminated water on the public health. Water resources are one of the critical infrastructures that must be preserved from deliberate and accidental attacks. Water qualities are examined at the treatment plant. However, its quality can substantially be contaminated during transportation from the plant to the consumers' taps. Contamination in water distribution networks (WDNs) is a danger that can have severe consequences on public health as well as an economic and social instability. Water distribution networks are immensely susceptible to deliberate or accidental attacks due to the complex nature of the system. Hence, contamination source identification (CSI) is a topical issue in water distribution systems that require immediate attention of researchers in order to protect mankind from the adverse effect of consuming contaminated water. Usually, a contaminant event can be detected by the water quality monitoring sensors or the contaminant warning system (CWS) installed on the network. Nevertheless, how to derive the source of the contamination from the collected information is a difficult task that must be tackled in order to evaluate the spread of the contamination and for immediate remedial strategies. In the past two decades, considerable efforts and advancement have been made by researchers applying various techniques in order to locate the source of the contamination in WDNs. Each of the techniques has certain limitations and applicability as reported in the literature. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing techniques with emphasis on their importance and technical challenges. Despite a series of investigations in this domain, the field is yet to be unified. Hence, open research areas are still available to explore. Consequently, improvement on the existing techniques is necessary and hereby suggested. More importantly, practical application of these techniques offer a major research gap that must be addressed.

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Section: Water Quality Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 66%

Towards Development of an Optimization Model to Identify Contamination Source in a Water Distribution Network

Adedoja

Hamam

Khalaf

et al. 2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These include leakage detection and control [24], water quality analysis, network enhancement, or upgrade. It should be pointed out here that it is difficult to calibrate a detailed model because all the current state measurements of the network may not be available at the time of calibration [98].…”

Section: Detailed and Reduced Hydraulic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assumed complete mixing at the nodes and tanks are meant to simplify the analysis of the water quality model. There are other forms of mixing models that have been studied with the aid of computational fluid dynamics that could be helpful to develop more accurate water quality models [33,98,112].…”

Section: Water Quality Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving Management Problems in Water Distribution Networks: A Survey of Approaches and Mathematical Models

Bello

Abu‐Mahfouz

Hamam

et al. 2019

Water

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Modern water distribution networks (WDNs) are complex and difficult to manage due to increased level of urbanization, varying consumer demands, ageing infrastructure, operational costs, and inadequate water resources. The management problems in such complex networks may be classified into short-term, medium-term, and long-term, depending on the duration at which the problems are solved or considered. To address the management problems associated with WDNs, mathematical models facilitate analysis and improvement of the performance of water infrastructure at minimum operational cost, and have been used by researchers, water utility managers, and operators. This paper presents a detailed review of the management problems and essential mathematical models that are used to address these problems at various phases of WDNs. In addition, it also discusses the main approaches to address these management problems to meet customer demands at the required pressure in terms of adequate water quantity and quality. Key challenges that are associated with the management of WDNs are discussed. Also, new directions for future research studies are suggested to enable water utility managers and researchers to improve the performance of water distribution networks.

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“…Th e latter objective pertain s to m ain ten an ce of system pressu re, equ alization of dem an ds on su pply sou rces, redu ction in sizes or capacities of existin g m ain s, provision of water for n orm al dem an d, excess storage for peak dem an d an d fire su ppression , an d su pply of u n in terru pted water service du rin g power ou tages. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Th is policy m ean s th at water m ay rem ain in th e system for lon g periods of tim e. Lon g residen ce tim es can adversely affect th e qu ality of fin ish ed water in term s of redu ced disin fectan t residu als, in crease in DBPs, occu rren ce of n itrification , proliferation of bacteria, an d aesth etic degradation (taste, odor, an d appearan ce). Lon g residen ce tim es m ay h ave been ju stified in th e past becau se of th e absen ce of techn ology for evalu atin g su ch effects an d th e level of regu latory con trol.…”

Section: Water Storage Is Integral Part Of Distribution Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic mixing and free chlorine residual in reservoirs

Boulos¹,

Grayman²,

Bowcock³

et al. 1996

Journal AWWA

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Interior sampling of a reservoir illuminates its mixing characteristics and supports the assumption of stratification or partitioning. An extensive sampling study of reservoir water quality was conducted in Azusa, Calif. Primary emphasis was placed on providing a better understanding of the dynamics of hydraulic mixing and free chlorine residual concentration distribution in the reservoir. The reservoir approached completely mixed behavior with two exceptions: a degree of short‐circuiting between the inlet and outlet (which significantly affected the T10 time) and the presence of a stagnant zone in the center core of the reservoir where there was less mixing and thus older water. These results support the assumption of stratification or partitioning in reservoirs. Regular field sampling is recommended to facilitate the effective management of distribution system water quality. In particular, interior sampling of reservoirs can provide useful information that could not be inferred otherwise.

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Modelling distribution storage water quality: An analytical approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Towards Development of an Optimization Model to Identify Contamination Source in a Water Distribution Network

Towards Development of an Optimization Model to Identify Contamination Source in a Water Distribution Network

Solving Management Problems in Water Distribution Networks: A Survey of Approaches and Mathematical Models

Hydraulic mixing and free chlorine residual in reservoirs

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