Modelling Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete: Natural vs. Accelerated Corrosion

A two-phased modelling approach for corrosion-induced concrete cracking and bond deterioration in reinforced concrete

“…Similar findings were obtained by Zhao et al [32] and Shi and Ming [33]. Sola et al [29] reported the presence of goethite in case of tests accelerated with 100 mV and akaganeite in case of 500 mV. For the current work, a combination of goethite and lepidocrocite is assumed, leading to an expansion coefficient 𝛼 V of 3.…”

“…oxygen availability and chloride content. Therefore, corrosion products in accelerated corrosion tests will be different from those occurring in natural conditions [29]. Several researchers reported on experimental tests in which the corrosion process is accelerated in a similar way.…”

Chloride Transport in Cracked Concrete Subjected to Wetting – Drying Cycles: Numerical Simulations and Measurements on Bridges Exposed to De-Icing Salts

“…The 3D CHTM model is a coupled physical model that simulates mechanical, transport, and corrosion processes before and after depassivation of steel reinforcement in concrete in real environmental conditions, but also accelerated corrosion in laboratory (Ožbolt et al, 2010(Ožbolt et al, , 2011(Ožbolt et al, , 2012(Ožbolt et al, , 2013(Ožbolt et al, , 2016a(Ožbolt et al, ,b, 2017aSola et al, 2016). The model includes the following physical, electrochemical, and mechanical processes: (i) transport of capillary water, heat, oxygen, and chloride through the concrete cover; (ii) immobilization of chloride in the concrete; (iii) cathodic and anodic polarization; (iv) transport of OH − ions through electrolyte in concrete pores; (v) oxygen consumption on steel surface due to cathodic and anodic reaction; (vi) distribution of electrical potential and current density; (vii) transport of corrosion products in concrete and cracks; and (viii) concrete cracking due to mechanical and non-mechanical actions.…”

“…• Influence of concrete damage (e.g., cracks, voids, layering) on transport and corrosion processes is taken into account by employing concrete diffusivity as a function of crack width based on the experimental results on concrete permeability (Ožbolt et al, 2010). • Transport processes are modeled to simulate both natural environment (chlorides from a sea or de-icing salts) and laboratory conditions of accelerated corrosion (Sola et al, 2016). • Chloride and water ingress in concrete are simulated by taking into account wetting-drying cycles and hysteresis, while boundary conditions can vary in time (Ožbolt et al, 2016b).…”