Modelling commercial refrigeration systems coupled with water storage to improve energy efficiency and perform heat recovery

Polzot, Alessio; D’Agaro, Paola; Gullo, Paride; Cortella, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.012

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…A CO 2 based system for heating, refrigeration, and water heating for a small supermarket is evaluated in; the system consists of CO 2 ‐cascade refrigeration and with R410A heat pump for space heating. In Reference , modeling of the refrigeration system coupled with a water heat storage system is presented. The results described that in mild climates, CO 2 based system requires 9% more energy every year as compared to the HFCs based system.…”

Section: Sun Powered Co2 Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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Summary Refrigerants bearing high global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP) were outlawed or facing time‐beared permission under the Montreal (1987), Kyoto (1997) protocols, F‐Gas law (2015), Paris Accord (2016), and recent Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol (2019). In order to modify followed by the paradigm shift of existing heating and cooling systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air‐Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) envisaged natural and synthetic refrigerants (Synrefs) are under investigation globally. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a popular natural refrigerant (Natref) replacing Synrefs used in commercial heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems globally. A rampant rise is observed in markets of Asia (Japan and China), North America (the United States and Canada), the Australian continent, and Africa (South Africa) by reaching 20 000 CO2‐stores around the globe. The European markets are leading the utilization of CO2 in the heat pump, and refrigeration, CO2 based markets estimate 14% of the total food retail stores (400 m2). Japan is the second leading market of CO2 heat pump and refrigeration with more than 10 200 CO2 condensing units. CO2 transcritical systems have a share of more than 10% in only European market (large stores); however, their share is less than 10% of total stores in other major markets of the world. New pump and compressor‐driven transcritical CO2 systems integrate ejectors, condensers, and booster systems to reduce energy consumptions, enhance efficiency, efficacy, and coefficient of performance. This article reports a critical review of the CO2 based heating, cooling, and refrigeration system and presents updated literature along with barriers and challenges on commercial use of Natref‐based heating and cooling applications worldwide.

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Section: Sun Powered Co2 Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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“…The building was simulated in TRNSYS [11] in order to assess the cooling and heating demands of the thermal zones. The total cooling capacity at rated conditions of each display cabinet was adjusted considering realistic and time-dependent working conditions in a supermarket [12], while the influence of indoor air temperature and humidity on the sensible and latent fractions of the cooling load were considered as well as the time schedule for the auxiliary devices [13]. Other details on the assumptions made in the definition of the thermal loads can be found in [10].…”

Section: Energy Demand Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The refrigeration plant has a MT capacity of 140 kW (evaporative level fixed at -8 °C) and a LT capacity of 28 kW (evaporative level fixed at -35 °C). The cooling load profile is evaluated based on a detailed simulation of the display cabinets and their interaction with the indoor ambient [12]. The monthly values of cooling load are reported in Figure 3.…”

Section: Figure 2 Heating/cooling Demands For the Thermal Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand side management analysis of a commercial water loop heat pump system

Coccia

Arteconi²,

D’Agaro³

et al. 2018

MMC_C

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Demand side management (DSM) strategies can be used to reduce customers' demand at peak times, change the timing of end-use consumption from high to low-cost periods and increase consumption during off-peak periods. They can be implemented by using the energy flexibility available in the final users' applications, energy storages or control systems to turn on/off end-users' devices when required. Being intensive energy consumers because of a high electric energy demand (refrigeration accounts for about 40 % of the yearly energy consumption), supermarkets are ideal candidates for a DSM approach. This work shows the results of a DSM analysis carried out for a refrigeration and HVAC plant in a supermarket coupled with a Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) system. The water loop is used as a heat source/sink for the refrigeration unit supplying the cooling capacity required by food preservation, and for several heat pumps, which provide heating/cooling inside the supermarket building. The system is modelled in TRNSYS and the role of the water loop and its thermal inertia to provide energy flexibility is investigated. The system design and control strategy are modified in order to reduce the electricity costs in presence of demand response programs based on real-time price mechanisms.

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“…Automatic control of cold storage refrigeration system is an important means to save energy and improve the quality of refrigeration [1,2]. The automatic control can guarantee the stability of the storehouse temperature, avoid the unnecessary low temperature, and keep the temperature, pressure, liquid level, and other state parameters, which ensure the safety and efficiency of the system, in the required range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy Control of Cold Storage Refrigeration System with Dynamic Coupling Compensation

Mao

2018

Journal of Control Science and Engineering

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Cold storage refrigeration systems possess the characteristics of multiple input and output and strong coupling, which brings challenges to the optimize control. To reduce the adverse effects of the coupling and improve the overall control performance of cold storage refrigeration systems, a control strategy with dynamic coupling compensation was studied. First, dynamic model of a cold storage refrigeration system was established based on the requirements of the control system. At the same time, the coupling between the components was studied. Second, to reduce the adverse effects of the coupling, a fuzzy controller with dynamic coupling compensation was designed. As for the fuzzy controller, a self-tuning fuzzy controller was served as the primary controller, and an adaptive neural network was adopted to compensate the dynamic coupling. Finally, the proposed control strategy was employed to the cold storage refrigeration system, and simulations were carried out in the condition of start-up, variable load, and variable degree of superheat, respectively. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the fuzzy control method with dynamic coupling compensation.

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Modelling commercial refrigeration systems coupled with water storage to improve energy efficiency and perform heat recovery

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Demand side management analysis of a commercial water loop heat pump system

Fuzzy Control of Cold Storage Refrigeration System with Dynamic Coupling Compensation

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Modelling commercial refrigeration systems coupled with water storage to improve energy efficiency and perform heat recovery

Cited by 47 publications

References 18 publications

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Demand side management analysis of a commercial water loop heat pump system

Fuzzy Control of Cold Storage Refrigeration System with Dynamic Coupling Compensation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook