Modelling capillary effects on the reactive transport of chloride ions in cementitious materials

Sanchez, Thomas; Conciatori, David; Laferrière, Francine; Sorelli, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106033

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the presence of pressure on the hydraulic head, the migr accelerated into the cementitious materials with the flow of wate can be calculated by Darcy's law [17,18]. When unsaturated porou is in contact with seawater, due to the presence of liquid surface pores, chloride will be rapidly absorbed into the material togethe is also known as the wicking effect [19,20]. When concrete is satu For a better understanding of chloride transport in AAMs, the relationship between chloride transport performance and the micro-structure of AAMs is reviewed in this paper.…”

Section: Chloride Transport and Micro-structure Of Aamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When unsaturated porous cementitious material is in contact with seawater, due to the presence of liquid surface tension within capillary pores, chloride will be rapidly absorbed into the material together with water. This effect is also known as the wicking effect [19,20]. When concrete is saturated sufficiently, chloride diffuses from the outside to the material under the derivation of internal and external concentration gradients [21].…”

Section: Chloride Transport and Micro-structure Of Aamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloride Transport and Related Influencing Factors of Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

et al. 2023

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Chloride transport is a vital issue in the research on the durability of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Nevertheless, due to its miscellaneous types, complex mix proportions, and limitations in testing methods, the reports of different studies are numerous and vary greatly. Therefore, in order to promote the application and development of AAMs in chloride environments, this work systematically reviews the chloride transport behavior and mechanism, solidification of chloride, influencing factors, and test method of chloride transport of AAMs, along with conclusions regarding instructive insights to the chloride transport problem of AAMs in future work.

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Section: Chloride Transport and Micro-structure Of Aamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chloride Transport and Micro-structure Of Aamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Transport and Related Influencing Factors of Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, recent research discussed the impact of the thermodynamic equilibria on chloride reactive transport in cementitious materials [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Yu and Zhang [ 28 ] proposed a model for predicting the leaching of cement paste in an ammonium nitrate solution taking into account the ion transport, chemical kinetics, and thermodynamic equilibria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Chloride Transport in the Standard Migration Test including Electrode Processes

Kribes,

Cherif,

Aït-Mokhtar

2023

Materials

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The modelling of chloride transport in concrete under an electrical field requires taking into account the electrode processes. These processes are very rarely introduced into the literature, despite their impact on chloride migration and the electroneutrality of the pore solution of the material. This paper aims to propose a multi-ion model for chloride migration that takes into consideration the electrode processes. The model is applied to simulate the standard chloride migration test. The generation of OH− in the cathode and H+ in the anode allows for the monitoring of the electroneutrality. The model considers all of the ions in the pore solution. Ion fluxes are calculated using the Nernst–Planck equation. The Langmuir model is used to simulate the chloride isotherms. The thermodynamic equilibrium in the material is considered, which reflects the ion–solid interactions during the migration. Measurements of water porosity and the chemical composition of the pore solution are essential to provide input data and the initial and boundary conditions. The numerical results of the ion profiles in the material studied confirm the electroneutrality at any point within the material, in contrast with models that do not take the electrode processes into account. The proposed model allows for the more accurate simulation of the chloride migration test and electrochemical chloride extraction in reinforced concrete structures subjected to NaCl as part of maintenance and repair strategies.

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“…On this aspect of the maximum of chloride concentration [29], studies the effect of rainfalls in the chloride concentration at the concrete surface, concluding that the concentration decreases with time (instead of increasing); however, other simultaneous effects are not included in the study. In [30] is considered the convection-diffusion transport in the external parts of the concrete under reverse water pressure and makes a model through FEM, while [31] studies the effect of capillary action on the chloride transport in that zone. Another perspective is taken to explain the maximum by [32][33][34] because they consider the action of the carbonation as a promoter of the decrease in the chloride binding capacity and then, on changing the shape of the chloride profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Boundary Conditions Due to the Bar Presence in the Model of Chloride Penetration

Tavares

Andrade

2022

Materials

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The chloride penetration is usually modelled through the application of a solution of Fick’s second law of diffusion, based on the assumption of semi-infinite boundary conditions. However, the presence of the bars, on whose surface the chlorides accumulate, makes this assumption incorrect. As the time progresses, the chlorides in the steel/concrete interface increase in concentration more than the chlorides overpassing the bar position without obstacles. This circumstance, although previously studied, has not been introduced in common practice, in spite of it supposes early reaching of the chloride threshold. The study in this paper shows a deterministic analysis of the chloride diffusion process by the finite element method (FEM) which numerically solves Fick’s second law, taking into account the accumulation of the chlorides on the bar surface. Several examples are calculated and factors between the finite/semi-infinite solutions are given. These factors depend on the cover depth and the diffusion coefficient, and with less importance, on the diameter of the bar, which make it unfeasible to propose a general trend.

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Modelling capillary effects on the reactive transport of chloride ions in cementitious materials

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Chloride Transport and Related Influencing Factors of Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

Chloride Transport and Related Influencing Factors of Alkali-Activated Materials: A Review

Modelling of Chloride Transport in the Standard Migration Test including Electrode Processes

Finite Boundary Conditions Due to the Bar Presence in the Model of Chloride Penetration

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