Modelling Behaviour of a Carbon Epoxy Composite Exposed to Fire: Part II—Comparison with Experimental Results

Tranchard, Pauline; Samyn, Fabienne; Duquesne, Sophie; Estèbe, Bruno; Bourbigot, Serge

doi:10.3390/ma10050470

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The calculated values of temperature at z = 1, and 2 mm are in good agreement with the experimental data due to the high accuracy of the inputs of virgin material and the appropriate initial boundary, as indicated by Pauline Tranchard. 29 But that at 3 and 4 mm are overestimated compared with the experimental ones after 50 seconds, which is similar to the predictions by Pauline Tranchard. The reason may be that the heat exchanging between the laminates and gas released from the decomposition and the interaction between the materials surface and out-gassing were not taken into account.…”

Section: User Subroutine Developmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…According to the experiment information and thermal parameters presented in the literature, 27,29 the finite element model and computation procedure were developed via ABAQUS code. A carbon/epoxy laminate, whose size is 150 × 150 × 4 mm, has been manufactured using unidirectional (UD) prepregs, which is often used in aircraft for primary and secondary structures, with a stacking of [0] S (UD).…”

Section: Experiemental Description and Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it was indicated that there was a lack of accuracy of the temperature measurement. 29 Figure 6A,B show the temperature contours of FE model at 100 and 300 seconds, respectively. At 100 seconds, the temperature of most impacted region on the exposed surface reaches the pyrolysis temperature of T700/M21, which is higher than that of insulated region obviously.…”

Section: User Subroutine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Juhyeong Lee et al 26 performed nonlinear finite element simulations to characterize lightning-induced thermal damage in AS4/3506 carbon/epoxy composites with metallic and nonmetallic protection layers, in which matrix thermal decomposition in composites subjected to 40 kA peak currents were estimated using ABAQUS. Pauline T et al [27][28][29] developed a three dimensional thermochemical model using the SAMCEF software to predict the temperature profile, the mass loss and the decomposition front of a carbonreinforced epoxy composite laminate (T700/M21 composite) exposed to fire. However, the process of charring and the characterization and regularity of the decomposition of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire is yet to be discussed and summarized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thermal response study of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire

Fan

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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In this article, a three-dimensional thermal response model is developed to investigate the thermal behavior of carbon epoxy composite impacted directly by propane flame. The model is established in consideration of heat transfer and energy conservation in which the heat transfer is in the form of anisotropic heat conduction, absorption by matrix decomposition, and diffusion of gas. Arrhenius equation is utilized to present the decomposition process of the materials. The diffusion equation for the decomposition gas is included for mass conservation. The thermal response model is implemented with the UMATHT and USDFLD subroutines via ABAQUS code, from which the temperature, density, decomposition degree, and decomposition rate can be extracted to analysis the process of material decomposition by finite element simulation. The model shows its capability to analysis the evolution of a carbon epoxy composite in fire by the comparison between the numerical and experimental results. Furthermore, the numerical results show that thermal conductivities in different directions of fiber have a significant influence on the heat transfer. In addition, the relationship between the decomposition degree and temperature is correlated with depths, as well as the peak value of decomposition rate and the time to reach that.

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Section: User Subroutine Developmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Experiemental Description and Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: User Subroutine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal response study of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire

Fan

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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“…Luo et al [33][34][35][36] established a thermomechanical damage model and developed a finite element method using UMATHT and UMAT in ABAQUS, so as to resolve the thermal and mechanic equations for glass/phenolic compound materials withstanding high temperature and thermal radiative surroundings in consideration of the carbonization of sandwich composites, the decomposition of resins, the reduction of elastic modulus, and the delamination of panels and cores. Pauline et al [37][38][39] developed a 3D thermochemical model using SAMCEF software to forecast the temperature contour, the mass loss and the pyrolysis front of a carbon fiber epoxy resin compound laminate (T700/M21 compound material) exposed to high temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Thermal Behavior of Glass Fiber/Phenolic Composites Exposed to Heat Flux on One Side

Wang

Han

et al. 2020

Materials

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A 3D thermal response model is developed to evaluate the thermal behavior of glass fiber/phenolic composite exposed to heat flux on one side. The model is built upon heat transfer and energy conservation equations in which the heat transfer is in the form of anisotropic heat conduction, absorption by matrix decomposition, and diffusion of gas. Arrhenius equation is used to characterize the pyrolysis reaction of the materials. The diffusion equation for the decomposition gas is included for mass conservation. The temperature, density, decomposition degree, and rate are extracted to analyze the process of material decomposition, which is implemented by using the UMATHT (User subroutine to define a material’s thermal behavior) and USDFLD (User subroutine to redefine field variables) subroutines via ABAQUS code. By comparing the analysis results with experimental data, it is found that the model is valid to simulate the evolution of a glass fiber/phenolic composite exposed to heat flux from one side. The comparison also shows that longer time is taken to complete the pyrolysis reaction with increasing depth for materials from the numerical simulation, and the char region and the pyrolysis reaction region enlarge further with increasing time. Furthermore, the decomposition degree and temperature are correlated with depths, as well as the peak value of decomposition rate and the time to reach the peak value.

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Design of New Carbon-Phenolic Ablators: Manufacturing, Plasma Wind Tunnel Tests and Finite Element Model Rebuilding

et al. 2021

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Ablative materials represent a widespread solution for shielding space vehicles from overheating during a reentry phase in atmosphere where the high heating fluxes and the consequent high temperatures cannot be compatible with the vehicle structure and with the safety of the payload and/or the crew. In this work, two different kinds of carbon-phenolic ablators with a density of 0.3 g/cm3 were manufactured and their mechanical and thermal properties were experimentally evaluated. The thermal protection performances of the developed ablators were assessed in a hypersonic plasma wind tunnel facility, setting representative enthalpy and heat flux conditions (6 and 13 MW/m2), consistent with atmospheric reentry missions from high energy orbits. Data of the experimental tests were compared with the results obtained by a finite element model built up for these materials with the commercial software SAMCEF Amaryllis. All results enlighten the good performances of the ablators under severe heat flux conditions and outline their operating limits.

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Modelling Behaviour of a Carbon Epoxy Composite Exposed to Fire: Part II—Comparison with Experimental Results

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Thermal response study of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire

Thermal response study of carbon epoxy laminates exposed to fire

Simulation of Thermal Behavior of Glass Fiber/Phenolic Composites Exposed to Heat Flux on One Side

Design of New Carbon-Phenolic Ablators: Manufacturing, Plasma Wind Tunnel Tests and Finite Element Model Rebuilding

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