“…Furthermore, spark plasma sintering and powder metallurgy techniques can be given for examples of solid phase methods [2]. Bellur-Ramaswamy et al [3] developed an algorithm to optimize continuous quench process parameters to produce functionally graded aluminum alloy extrudes. The gradual changes in volume fraction of the constituents and non-homogenous structure provides continuous graded macroscopic properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistivity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and mass density that are critical for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) as well as thermal protection of the re-entry capsule, furnace liners, body armour, piezoelectric actuators and electromagnetic sensors [4][5][6][7].…”