“…Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is very sensitive to a slight change in analytes adjacent to the sensing layers, and SPR-based sensors have been applied for the detection of many substances, such as cadmium ions [5], glucose [6], glycosylated haemoglobin [7], endotoxin [8], manganese ion [9], hydrogen [10], butane gas [11], and dengue virus [12]. Furthermore, employing SPR technology can realise quick, label-free, real-time, and highly sensitive detection for haemoglobin concentration [13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, the existing literature mostly used the prism-coupling-configuration-based sensor with angular interrogation to excite the SPR phenomenon and analyse sensing effects.…”