Modelling and optimization of the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite containing crumb rubber pretreated with graphene oxide using response surface methodology

Abdulkadir, Isyaka; Mohammed, Bashar S.; Liew, M. S.; Wahab, Mohamed Mubarak Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125259

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Among the reasons given for the decline in strength with an increase in CR is its lack of proper bonding with the hardened cement matrix [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The poor bonding is caused by the rubber’s hydrophobic property, which repels water during mixing, trapping air on its surface [ 29 , 30 ]. Other reasons include the softer nature of the CR particles compared with the replaced aggregates and the increased porosity of the concrete owing to the high air content [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The poor bonding is caused by the rubber’s hydrophobic property, which repels water during mixing, trapping air on its surface [ 29 , 30 ]. Other reasons include the softer nature of the CR particles compared with the replaced aggregates and the increased porosity of the concrete owing to the high air content [ 29 ]. Many researchers have attempted to improve the bonding by subjecting the CR to various pretreatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers have attempted to improve the bonding by subjecting the CR to various pretreatments. The most recent of these efforts is by Abdulkadir et al [ 29 ] who investigated a novel use of different concentrations of graphene oxide (GOC) for CR pretreatment used in engineered cementitious composite (ECC). Their findings revealed that GO enhanced the bonding between the CR and cement paste because of its high reactivity due to many reactive functional groups on its surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

et al. 2022

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One of the primary causes of the low mechanical properties of rubberized concrete is the weak bond between crumb rubber (CR) and hardened cement paste. Many CR pretreatment techniques have been researched in an attempt to mitigate this problem. The NaOH pretreatment method is one of the most widely used, although the reported results are inconsistent due to the absence of standardized NaOH pretreatment concentrations and CR replacement levels. This study aims to develop models for predicting the mechanical and shrinkage properties of NaOH-pretreated CR concrete (NaOH-CRC) and conduct multi-objective optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM generated experimental runs using three levels (0, 5, and 10%) of both NaOH pretreatment concentration and the CR replacement level of fine aggregate by volume as the input factors. At 28 days, the concrete’s compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths (CS, FS, and TS), as well as its drying shrinkage (S), were evaluated as the responses. The results revealed that higher CR replacements led to lower mechanical strengths and higher shrinkage. However, the strength loss and the shrinkage significantly reduced by 22%, 44%, 43%, and 60% for CS, FS, TS, and S, respectively, after the pretreatment. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the microstructural investigation indicated a significantly reduced interfacial transition zone (ITZ) with increasing NaOH pretreatment. The developed RSM models were evaluated using ANOVA and found to have high R2 values ranging from 78.7% to 98%. The optimization produced NaOH and CR levels of 10% and 2%, respectively, with high desirability of 71.4%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

et al. 2022

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“…ECC is mainly utilized for repair and retrofitting works, although many attempts are being made to improve its properties for structural purposes [ 4 , 9 , 10 ]. In this regard, researchers have discovered that incorporating CR in ECC improves energy absorption, enhances microcrack formation and ductility, and leads to better durability properties [ 4 , 5 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The densification of the microstructure through the pore-filling effect of additives also improves the durability of the composite [ 27 ]. Furthermore, pretreating CR with GO has been reported to reduce the strength loss and enhance the mechanical properties of the composite, which was caused by the GO sticking to the CR surface, lowering the rubber particles’ hydrophobicity, and improving the bonding with the hardened cement paste [ 10 ]. In addition, GO is reported to reduce the drying shrinkage of rubberized ECC [ 1 ] due to the pore filling effect and the refinement of the microstructure, which reduced the composite’s volumetric change tendency caused by drying shrinkage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Graphene Oxide and Crumb Rubber on the Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2022

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Graphene oxide-modified rubberized engineered cementitious composite (GO-RECC) is attracting the attention of researchers because of the reported benefits of the GO and crumb rubber (CR) on the strength and deformation properties of the composite. While it is well established that GO negatively affects the workability of cementitious composites, its influence on the attainment of the desired self-compacting (SC) properties of ECC has not yet been thoroughly investigated, especially when combined with crumb rubber (CR). In addition, to simplify the number of trial mixes involved in designing SC-GO-RECC, there is a need to develop and optimize the process using Design of Experiment (DOE) methods. Hence, this research aims to investigate and model using response surface methodology (RSM), the combined effects of the GO and CR on the SC properties of ECC through the determination of T500, slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box ratio of the SC-GORECC as the responses, following the European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC) 2005 specifications. The input factors considered were the GO by wt.% of cement (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) and CR as a replacement of fine aggregate by volume (5, 10, and 15%). The results showed that increasing the percentages of GO and CR affected the fresh properties of the SC-GORECC adversely. However, all mixes have T500 of 2.4 to 5.2 s, slump flow of 645 to 800 mm, V-funnel time of 7.1 to 12.3 s, and L-box ratio (H2/H1) of 0.8 to 0.98, which are all within acceptable limits specified by EFNARC 2005. The developed response prediction models were well fitted with R2 values ranging from 91 to 99%. Through the optimization process, optimal values of GO and CR were found to be 0.067% and 6.8%, respectively, at a desirability value of 1.0.

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Rubbercrete Interlocking Brick as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Short Discussion of Its Fundamental Properties

Abdulkadir

Mohammed

2023

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Modelling and optimization of the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite containing crumb rubber pretreated with graphene oxide using response surface methodology

Cited by 26 publications

References 51 publications

Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

Effects of Graphene Oxide and Crumb Rubber on the Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Response Surface Methodology

Rubbercrete Interlocking Brick as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Short Discussion of Its Fundamental Properties

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