Modelling and mitigation of storm-induced saltwater intrusion: Improvement of the resilience of coastal aquifers against marine floods by subsurface drainage

Elsayed, Saber M.; Oumeraci, Hocine

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.11.030

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Pulses of high salinity water during storms often trigger 140 mortality 60,61 . Although storm waters recede in hours, salinity effects can linger for years to decades in 141 the groundwater 62,63 , and individual storms have lasting impacts on tree growth 47 . Storm floods can 142 reach tens of kilometers inland and are accompanied by wind, erosion, and wrack disturbances.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sea-level driven land conversion and the formation of ghost forests

2019

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4 5 6 Ghost forests created by the submergence of low-lying land are one of the most striking indicators of 7 climate change along the Atlantic coast of North America. Although dead trees at the margin of 8 estuaries were described as early as 1910, recent research has led to new recognition that the 9 submergence of terrestrial land is geographically widespread, ecologically and economically 10 important, and globally relevant to the survival of coastal wetlands in the face of rapid sea level rise.11 This emerging understanding has in turn generated widespread interest in the physical and ecological 12 mechanisms influencing the extent and pace of upland to wetland conversion. Choices between 13 defending the coast from sea level rise and facilitating ecosystem transgression will play a 14 fundamental role in determining the fate and function of low-lying coastal land. 15 16 Sea level rise rates have been accelerating since the end of the 19 th century, impacting low elevation 17 land along coasts and estuaries around the world 1 . Sea level rise enhances flooding and saltwater 18 intrusion, and threatens coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems 2-4 . Ghost forests and 19 abandoned farmland are striking indicators of sea-level driven land conversion. Dead trees and stumps 20 surrounded by marshland, for example, represent relic forestland that has been replaced by intertidal 21 vegetation. Similarly, bare soil and wetland plants at the edges of agricultural fields indicate the 22 65 coastal land submergence. The review ends with implications for land management, and highlights 66 uncertainty in local flood defense strategy as the key knowledge gap limiting our ability to predict future 67 sea-level driven land conversion and its impact on coastal ecosystems. 68 69 Extent and physical controls of historical land submergence 70 Ghost forests, abandoned agricultural fields, and other indicators of historical land submergence occur 71 throughout low-lying and gently sloping portions of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America 15-20 72 (Fig. 1). Land submergence is most extensive within the mid-Atlantic sea-level rise hotspot that stretches 73 from North Carolina to Massachusetts, where relative sea level is rising three times faster than eustatic 74 rates 27 . For example, 400 km 2 of uplands in the Chesapeake Bay region have converted to tidal marsh 75 since the mid-1800s 19 , and large tracts of hardwood and cedar forest death have been observed in 76 Delaware Bay 16 . However, ghost forests are not confined to the sea level rise hotspot. Ghost forests 77 have also been documented throughout the Florida Gulf Coast 17,18 , the St. Lawrence estuary of Canada 15 , 78 and tidal freshwater forests in South Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana 21,28 . There has been 148 km 2 of 79 forest conversion over 120 years along the Florida Gulf Coast 17 , and near complete loss of pine forests in 80 the Lower Florida Keys 29 . Surprisingly, the phenomenon has not been widely documented on coastal 81 plains outside of...

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confidence: 99%

Sea-level driven land conversion and the formation of ghost forests

2019

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“…In a flooding scenario, nearshore hydrodynamics, surface flows, infiltration, and groundwater flow are naturally successive fluxes that are continuous through time and should be considered as fully coupled processes (Elsayed & Oumeraci, 2018b;Yang et al, 2013Yang et al, , 2015. However, no models to date accommodate all these fluxes, and therefore there is a significant opportunity for future models that couple these processes without requiring the models to be run in series (e.g., coastal hydrodynamic model run with output applied as boundary conditions to a groundwater model).…”

Section: Modeling Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Driven by Episodic Flooding: A Review

Cantelon

Guimond

Robinson

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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“…Even in areas where sea level rise may not cause direct groundwater inundation, water tables at shallow and intermediate depths have the potential to jeopardize infrastructure [106], and at locations further inland than coastal surface flooding [105,217,218]. Elsayed and Oumeraci [219] presented a coupled modeling approach to resolve overtopping, overland flow propagation and infiltration impacts on coastal aquifers, and suggested further development is needed to resolve the unsaturated zone and, in turn, the surface-groundwater interaction.…”

Section: Multi-pathway Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Flood Modeling Challenges in Defended Urban Backshores

et al. 2018

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Coastal flooding is a significant and increasing hazard. There are multiple drivers including rising coastal water levels, more intense hydrologic inputs, shoaling groundwater and urbanization. Accurate coastal flood event prediction poses numerous challenges: representing boundary conditions, depicting terrain and hydraulic infrastructure, integrating spatially and temporally variable overtopping flows, routing overland flows and incorporating hydrologic signals. Tremendous advances in geospatial data quality, numerical modeling and overtopping estimation have significantly improved flood prediction; however, risk assessments do not typically consider the co-occurrence of multiple flooding pathways. Compound flooding refers to the combined effects of marine and hydrologic processes. Alternatively, multiple flooding source–receptor pathways (e.g., groundwater–surface water, overtopping–overflow, surface–sewer flow) may simultaneously amplify coastal hazard and vulnerability. Currently, there is no integrated framework considering compound and multi-pathway flooding processes in a unified approach. State-of-the-art urban coastal flood modeling methods and research directions critical to developing an integrated framework for explicitly resolving multiple flooding pathways are presented.

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Modelling and mitigation of storm-induced saltwater intrusion: Improvement of the resilience of coastal aquifers against marine floods by subsurface drainage

Cited by 33 publications

References 62 publications

Sea-level driven land conversion and the formation of ghost forests

Sea-level driven land conversion and the formation of ghost forests

Vertical Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Driven by Episodic Flooding: A Review

Coastal Flood Modeling Challenges in Defended Urban Backshores

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