Modelling and Implementation of QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multiconstrained Traffic Engineering Model

Abstract

This paper revisits the problem of Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning to assess the relevance of using multipath routing to improve the reliability and packet delivery in wireless sensor networks while maintaining lower power consumption levels. Building upon a previous benchmark, we propose a traffic engineering model that relies on delay, reliability, and energy-constrained paths to achieve faster, reliable, and energy-efficient transmission of the information routed by a wireless sensor network. As a step forward into the implementation of the proposed QoS model, we describe the initial steps of its packet forwarding protocol and highlight the tradeoff between the complexity of the model and the ease of implementation. Using simulation, we demonstrate the relative efficiency of our proposed model compared to single path routing, disjoint path routing, and the previously proposed benchmarks. The results reveal that by achieving a good tradeoff between delay minimization, reliability maximization, and path set selection, our model outperforms the other models in terms of energy consumption and quality of paths used to route the information.

Evolutionary multi-path routing for network lifetime and robustness in wireless sensor networks

“…To select reliable routes and promote robustness against link failure, contemporary routing approaches consider optimising the packet delivery rate or the path failure probability [5]; see for example [23,24,25,26,27]. A common strategy is to send all messages via the most reliable path, switching to the next reliable path if the current path fails [7,26].…”

“…A common strategy is to send all messages via the most reliable path, switching to the next reliable path if the current path fails [7,26]. Alternative approaches either distribute messages equally among paths, or in proportion to their expected reliability or residual energy [28,8,25,29,30]. These alternative strategies are preferred when downstream nodes are unable to signal link failure to source nodes and we employ these here.…”

“…This is in contrast to most current methods [18,23,24,25,26,27] for assessing path robustness, A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T which consider the paths for each source node without regard for the links which are used by paths for other nodes. As our simulation results show, the optimisation produces routing schemes with much improved robustness compared with the popular and effective braided paths heuristic [7].…”

“…The active routes are used equally to send data. Bagula proposes an extension to the ILP with an additional constraint on energy consumption [25]. The data from a source node is then sent via a randomly selected path from the available multi-paths.…”

QC2: A QoS Control Scheme with Quick Convergence in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…A survey of QoS-aware routing techniques in WSNs is presented in [11]; middleware approaches and certain open issues for QoS support in WSNs are also explored. A traffic engineering model that relies on delay, reliability, and energy-constrained paths to achieve fast, reliable, and energy-efficient transmission of information routed by a WSN is proposed in [12]; this paper uses multipath routing to improve reliability and packet delivery in WSNs while maintaining low power-consumption levels. QoS requirement and the minimum number of active nodes are analyzed in [13] because the former is usually inversely proportional to energy consumption.…”