Modelling, Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Power Conversion Unit in G2V/V2G Application—A Review

Abstract

In response to climate change, which is caused by the increasing pollution of the environment and leads to the deterioration of human health, future electricity generations should reduce reliance on fossil fuels by growing the use of clean and renewable energy generation sources and by using clean vehicle technologies. Battery storage systems have been recognized as one of the most promising approaches for supporting the renewable energy generation sources and cleanly powering vehicles instead of burning gasoline and diesel fuel. However, the cost of batteries is still a prominent barrier for their use in stationary and traction applications. As a rule, the cost of batteries can be decreased by lowering material costs, enhancing process efficiencies, and increasing production volume. Another more effective solution is called Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) application. In V2G application, the battery system can be used to support the grid services, whereas the battery is still in the vehicle. To make a battery system economically viable for V2G/G2V applications, an effective power-electronics converter should be selected as well. This converter should be supported by an advanced control strategy. Therefore, this article provides a detailed technical assessment and review of V2G/G2V concepts, in conjunction with various power-electronics converter topologies. In this paper, modeling and detailed control strategies are fully designed and investigated in terms of dynamic response and harmonics. Furthermore, an extensive design and analysis of charging systems for low-duty/high-duty vehicles are also presented.

Different Scenarios of Electric Mobility: Current Situation and Possible Future Developments of Fuel Cell Vehicles in Italy

“…Battery degradation is associated with energy emission and is highly sensitive to discharge depth. To make the operation of a battery storage system for V2G systems economically feasible, it is necessary to design an efficient power electronics converter that must be supported by an adequate control strategy [32]. The appropriate solution to reduce the cost of battery degradation can be intelligent charging [33].…”

Renewable Energy Powered Plugged-In Hybrid Vehicle Charging System for Sustainable Transportation

“…A very elaborate and scrutinized study of various DC to DC bi-directional topologies suited for PHEV application is provided in [5,6]. All the bi-directional converter topologies discussed in [5,6] have employed a full bridge on either side of the galvanic isolation. The topologies are discussed based on the advantages and disadvantages of each topology.…”

“…The converter work with an input voltage of 750 Vdc to achieve a variable output voltage between 300 V-600 Vdc. None of the converters discussed in [1][2][3][4][5][6] can be used as first stage power conversion preceded by a renewable energy source because of the huge switching losses and inadequate gain ratio. Whereas maintaining a high voltage at the converter end will help to minimize the conductor size [7] in PHEV charging system.…”

The Synergies of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Renewable Energy in a Virtual Power Plant and Microgrid

“…Electric vehicles offer great opportunities for grid balancing and integration of renewable energy sources, because of the flexibility of charging [5,6]. Vehicle to grid (V2G), or the discharge of vehicle batteries to the grid, has also been proposed as a way to further increasing their benefits by replacing peak generation [7,8]. Effective strategies have been developed for the participation of aggregated vehicle fleets with V2G in the electricity markets [9].…”