“…Such models normally employ data to model the evolution of oceanographic parameters or the eutrophication process, which are considered possible causes of algal blooms. Examples of datadriven models include artificial neural networks (Corchado & Lees, 2001;Lee, Huang, Dickman, & Jayawardena, 2003), the radial basis function network (Florentino & Corchado, 2003), genetic programming (Muttil & Lee, 2005), the hidden Markov model with adaptive weighting (Jiang, Liu, Zhang, & Yuan, 2016), and the vector autoregressive model (Lui, Li, Leung, Lee, & Jayawardena, 2007).…”