Modelling acute antibody-mediated rejection of human kidney transplants using ex-vivo warm machine perfusion

Enzymatic conversion of human blood group A kidneys to universal blood group O

“…The perfusate was supplemented with human off-the-clot serum as a source of soluble complement factors and metabolites to enable activation of the complement pathway but is unable to activate the coagulation cascade, a key process in hyperacute ABMR. This is reflected in the absence of haemodynamic changes and histological signs of microthrombi in the ABOi kidneys during reperfusion, as noted in an ex vivo ABOi model established by Chandak et al 42 . This choice was to prevent the introduction of anticoagulants such as citrate to the perfusate.…”

Nanotherapeutics for solid organ transplantation: new kid on the block

“…However, short- and long-term toxicity of nanomaterials for the nanoplatform should be thoroughly assessed, especially their interactions with other biological substances in the human body before they can be applied in clinical settings. Meanwhile, the emergence of ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) 10 has strengthened the role of the nanoplatform for the therapeutics in protecting grafts. The NMP technique motivates the development of novel delivery approaches for nanotherapeutics, while nanotherapeutics can be directed to targeted grafts during machine perfusion.…”