Modelling a Hemodialysis Machine Using Algebraic State-Transition Diagrams and B-like Methods

Fayolle, Thomas; Frappier, Marc; Gervais, Frédéríc; Laleau, Régine

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_33

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Many work focused on the translation of UML behavioural models (state charts and sequence diagrams) into formalisms integrating refinement, such as UML-B [36] or, UML transformation into Object-Z [37]. Some works point out the use of refinement in medical applications such as Event-B for verifying a pacemaker [38] or a haemodialysis machine [39,40].…”

Section: Abstraction and Refinements Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal verification of a telerehabilitation system through an abstraction and refinement approach using Uppaal

Arfi

Courbis²,

Lambolais³

et al. 2023

IET Software

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Formal methods are proven techniques that provide a rigorous mathematical basis to software development. In particular, they allow the quality of development to be effectively improved by making accurate and explicit modelling, so that anomalies like ambiguities and incompleteness are identified in the early phases of the software development process. Semi-formal UML models and formal Timed Automata models are used to design a telerehabilitation system through a practical approach based on abstraction and refinement. The formal verification of expected properties of the system is performed by the UPPAAL tool. The motivation of this work is threefold: (i) showing the usefulness of formal methods to satisfy the validation needs of a medical telerehabilitation system; (ii) demonstrating our approach of system analysis through refinements to guide the development of a complex system; and (iii) highlighting, from a real-life experience, the usefulness of models to involve the stakeholders all along the design of a system, from requirements to detailed specifications.

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Section: Abstraction and Refinements Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal verification of a telerehabilitation system through an abstraction and refinement approach using Uppaal

Arfi

Courbis²,

Lambolais³

et al. 2023

IET Software

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“…al. [29] is based on a combination of Algebraic State-Transition Diagrams (ASTD) [30] and Event-B. ASTD use a graphical notation to model problems as a combination of state transition diagrams and classical process algebra operators like sequence, iteration, parallel composition, quantified choice, and quantified synchronization.…”

Section: Related Work and Comparison With Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating formal methods into medical software development: The ASM approach

Arcaini

Bonfanti

Gargantini

et al. 2018

Science of Computer Programming

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Medical devices are safety-critical systems since their malfunctions can seriously compromise human safety. Correct operation of a medical device depends upon the controlling software, whose development should adhere to certification standards. However, these standards provide general descriptions of common software engineering activities without any indication regarding particular methods and techniques to assure safety and reliability. This paper discusses how to integrate the use of a formal approach into the current normative for the medical software development. The rigorous process is based on the Abstract State Machine (ASM) formal method, its refinement principle, and model analysis approaches the method supports. The hemodialysis machine case study is used to show how the ASM-based design process covers most of the engineering activities required by the related standards, and provides rigorous approaches for medical software validation and verification.

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“…The hemodialysis machine case study is modeled by literature. () Some of them perform validation() and verification. () Mashkoor and Biro generate the machine code starting from formal specification, and Arcaini et al define a set of characteristics to fit formal methods with the standards for medical software development process.…”

Section: Classification and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

Bonfanti

Gargantini

Mashkoor

2018

J Software Evolu Process

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The use of formal methods is often recommended to guarantee the provision of necessary services and to assess the correctness of critical properties, such as functional safety, cybersecurity, and reliability, in medical and health care devices. In the past, several formal and rigorous methods have been proposed and consequently applied for trustworthy development of medical software and systems. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature review on the available state of the art in this domain. We collect the relevant literature on the use of formal methods for modeling, design, development, verification, and validation of software-intensive medical systems. We apply standard systematic literature review techniques and run several queries in well-known repositories to obtain information that can be useful for people who are either already working in this field or planning to start. Our study covers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the subject. KEYWORDSformal methods, systematic literature review, medical device software INTRODUCTIONIn modern medical devices, human safety depends upon the correct operation of software controlling the device: Software malfunctioning can cause injuries to, or even the death of, patients. A crucial issue is how to guarantee that medical software has all the qualities (eg, safety, security, and dependability) expected for critical components. One way to improve and assess software quality, as suggested by literature, 1-3 is to use formal methods or in general rigorous methods for design, validation, and verification of medical software. Some processes for improvement of medical standards, based on formal approaches, have already been proposed, 4-6 although their adoption in industrial applications is rather limited.The overall aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to provide guidance to researchers starting to work on this topic and (2) to assess the state of the art that is more useful for researchers already working on this subject. We have applied a systematic literature review (SLR) process to the topic of rigorous methods for designing and validation of medical software and systems by following the guidelines presented in literature 7-9 with slight improvements such as a wider range of repositories is queried for information retrieval and the subject is covered from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Through this analysis, we give an overview of the research literature about formal methods applications to model, to verify, and to validate medical systems. Moreover, we include processes and tools that translate models written using formal languages in machine code. We would like to underline that the SLR carried out in this work considers only formal methods applied to medical device/software. Other processes applied to medical device/software are outside of our goal (eg, code implementation, testing, 8 and hardware configuration).The goals of our SLR are (1) to gather a sufficient number of relevant articles, (2) to perform a series of analyses, and (3) to p...

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Modelling a Hemodialysis Machine Using Algebraic State-Transition Diagrams and B-like Methods

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Formal verification of a telerehabilitation system through an abstraction and refinement approach using Uppaal

Formal verification of a telerehabilitation system through an abstraction and refinement approach using Uppaal

Integrating formal methods into medical software development: The ASM approach

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

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