Modelling a Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine Concept

Cracknell, Roger; Ariztegui, Javier; Dubois, Thomas; Hamje, Heather; Pellegrini, Leonardo; Rickeard, David J.; Rose, Kenneth D.; Deppenkemper, Kai; Graziano, Barbara; Heufer, Karl Alexander; Rohs, Hans

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1305

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the current study the PPC combustion process was simulated using a 3D CFD software CONVERGE [44] with PRF70 represented by nheptane and iso-octane. The fuel chemistry coupled was a reduced PRF mechanism consisting of 73 species and 296 reactions [50].…”

Section: Modeling Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled with chemical kinetics mechanism has been well known as a powerful tool to investigate the PPC combustion and emission formation processes [44,45,46]. For example, Dempsey et al [47] compared three mixture stratification (partial, moderate and heavy stratifications) on the PPC combustion numerically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Investigation of the Combustion Kinetics of Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) Fueled with Primary Reference Fuel

Zhao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

SAE Technical Paper Series

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This work numerically investigates the detailed combustion kinetics of partially premixed combustion (PPC) in a diesel engine under three different premixed ratio fuel conditions. A reduced Primary Reference Fuel (PRF) chemical kinetics mechanism was coupled with CONVERGE-SAGE CFD model to predict PPC combustion under various operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the increase of premixed ratio (PR) fuel resulted in advanced combustion phasing. To provide insight into the effects of PR on ignition delay time and key reaction pathways, a post-process tool was used. The ignition delay time is related to the formation of hydroxyl (OH). Thus, the validated Converge CFD code with the PRF chemistry and the post-process tool was applied to investigate how PR change the formation of OH during the low-to high-temperature reaction transition. The reaction pathway analyses of the formations of OH before ignition time were investigated. It was found that in the case of PR0%, the second isomerization from C7H14OOH2-4O2 to NC7KET24 and the decomposition of NC7KET24 contributed 27.6% and 46.46% of OH formation respectively. The contribution of AC8H16OOH-B to the formation of OH was just 12.13%. It can be concluded that the low temperature oxidation reactions of n-heptane were key steps in producing OH. While in the cases of PR30% and PR50%, because of the higher in-cylinder temperature, most of OH derived from the decomposition reaction of H2O2 that contributed 54.47% and 54.63% of OH formation respectively. Besides, in the PR30% and PR50%, the oxidation reactions of IC4H7 contributed 31.95% and 33.84% of OH formation respectively, and the oxidation reaction of IC4H6OH contributed 19.08% and 22.22% of OH formation respectively, which indicated that the oxidation of iso-octane also contributed to the production of OH. In addition, the distributions of mass fraction, production rate and representative creation reaction (RCR) of OH showed that in the case of PR30% and PR50%, the formation of OH outside the spray periphery were dominated by the reactions R394 (H2O2 (+ M) <=> 2 OH (+ M)), while that in the spray periphery were predominantly controlled by the reaction R21 (NC7KET24 => NC3H7CHO + CH3COCH2 + OH) and R125 (IC4H6OH + HO2 <=> CH2CCH2OH + CH2O + OH). Premixed fuel from port injection changed the formation pathway of OH during the oxidation of direct injection fuel through the reaction R125.

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Section: Modeling Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Combustion Kinetics of Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) Fueled with Primary Reference Fuel

Zhao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, based on these realities, it is necessary to apply an advance combustion strategy to obtain an efficiency as high as an CI engine and emit less emissions like an SI engine [4,30]. Nowadays, consideration is being given to the GCI engine as the LTC method with the most potential because high thermal efficiency and low emission behavior can be produced using this concept [20,[31][32][33][34][35][36]. GCI combustion is more practical to solve the issues of the complexity of combustion controllability than other LTC concepts for CI engines, for example premixed-charge-CI (PCCI) and homogeneous-charge-CI (HCCI), even though these concepts also offer interesting ignition phenomena under homogeneously lean air-fuel mixing conditions [11,12,[37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunities In Gci Engine Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gasoline compression ignition is a novel concept of ignition that belongs to the wider classification of LTC approaches. In this method, a poor reactivity fuel with high volatility, for example gasoline, is burned perfectly by using pressurized conditions [4,20,31,35,45,46]. The throttle-less, lean, and low-temperature combustion operation can lead GCI to achieve the same or better efficiencies than CI engines.…”

Section: Gci Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Gasoline Compression Ignition: A Promising Technology Potentially Fueled with Mixtures of Gasoline and Biodiesel to Meet Future Engine Efficiency and Emission Targets

Putrasari

2019

Energies

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Efforts have been made to develop efficient and alternative powertrains for internal combustion engines including combustion at low-temperature (LTC) concepts. LTC has been widely studied as a novel combustion mode that offers the possibility to minimize both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) via enhanced air-fuel mixing and intake charge dilution, resulting in lower peak combustion temperatures. Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a new ignition method related to the extensive classification of combustion at low-temperature approaches. In this method of ignition, a fuel with high evaporation characteristics and low autoignition sensitivity, for instance gasoline, is burned in a high pressure process. Despite many research efforts, there are still many challenges related with GCI performance for compression ignition (CI) engines. Unstable combustion for idle- to low-load operation was observed because of the low reactivity characteristics of gasoline, and this will affect the efficiency and emissions of the engine. This paper contributes a detailed review of several topics associated with GCI engines and the effort to improve its efficiency and emissions, including its potential when using gasoline-biodiesel blends. Some recommendations are proposed to encourage GCI engines improvement and development in the near future.

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“…Kalghatgi et al [11] proposed the concept of gasoline Partial Premixed Combustion (PPC), that is, Gasoline Compression Ignition combustion concept. After that, many researchers [12][13][14][15] conducted in-depth research on the GCI combustion method through bench tests, numerical simulations, and laser research, and found that it can achieve an indicated thermal efficiency of up to 57%, which proves that the GCI combustion method can expand the load limit while improving thermal efficiency, and has the potential to significantly reduce NOX and soot emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pre-injection Ratio on GCI Combustion Concept with Double Injections Strategy

2021

jecet

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In this paper, the influence of double injection strategy on combustion and emissions of gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has been analyzed, in order to solve the problem of poor performance under low load conditions. The engine model is established through CONVERGE software, and the simulation research on injection parameters, such as the pre-injection timing, the pre-injection ratio were carried out with an internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate of 40%. Results show that higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions can be achieved when the pre-injection ratio reaches 60%. As the pre-injection timing advances, the optimized pre-injection ratio is gradually increased. With the increase of the pre-injection ratio, the combustion duration gradually shortens and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) shows an upward trend. Therefore, a reasonable mixture in the cylinder can be organized by the double injection strategy, thereby, achieving clean and efficient combustion under low load conditions.

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Modelling a Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine Concept

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Numerical Investigation of the Combustion Kinetics of Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) Fueled with Primary Reference Fuel

Numerical Investigation of the Combustion Kinetics of Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) Fueled with Primary Reference Fuel

A Review of Gasoline Compression Ignition: A Promising Technology Potentially Fueled with Mixtures of Gasoline and Biodiesel to Meet Future Engine Efficiency and Emission Targets

Effects of Pre-injection Ratio on GCI Combustion Concept with Double Injections Strategy

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