Modellgestütztes Messen in chemischen Reaktoren

Bench Scale Calorimetry in Chemical Reaction Kinetics

“…Modern system theory [43] offers mathematical methods, which-on the basis of these variables together with thermodynamics, chemical kinetics and a reactor model-enable the estimation of additional state variables (e.g. Kalman-Bucy filter, Luenberger observer).…”

“…42 For parallel and simultaneous reactions the single changes in volume must be added. 43 The description of EXP Àv j Á k Á υ=c j0 Á t  à by series gives for the limiting case υ ! 0, Eq.…”

On-line Calorimetry for the Determination of the Rate of Heat Production by Reaction within a Stirred Tank Reactor

“…C 2 effective heat capacity of the reaction mixture in the measuring chamber c P specific heat of the reaction mixture M mass of the reaction mixture p 1 electrical heating power in the intermediate thermostat p 2 electrical heating power in the measuring chamber p sum of powers p 1 + p 2 + q M2 p St1 stirring power in the intermediate thermostat p St2 stirring power in the measuring chamber p M2 power of the electric motor of the measuring chamber q rate of heat production by reaction in the measuring chamber q s specific heat production rate T 0 temperature set point in base thermostat T 1 temperature set point in intermediate thermostat T 2 temperature in the measuring chamber ± not constant, but at all times equal to the changing reactor temperature T 4 because of the controlling electrical heat power p 2 ,despite the evolution of reaction heat and/or a change in the heat transfer value UA 21 (through a change in the consistency of the reaction mixture or through a deposit of material on the wall of the measuring chamber) T 3 temperature of the reaction mixture fed at the end of the feed pipe upon entry to the measuring chamber, temperature controlled so that Based on their great bandwidth of separable flue gas substances, activated carbon filters have a wide operation range. Especially for the separation of toxic compounds, e.g.…”

“…System theory offers mathematical methods which ± on the basis of these variables together with the thermodynamic, reaction kinetics and the reactor model ± enable estimation of additional state variables (Kalman-Bucy Filter, Luenberger Observer, etc.). The more accurate the process model adopted as a basis and the more numerous and meaningful the starting measured variables, the greater the number and accuracy of the additional estimated state variables and therefore the more complete the determination of the state of the process [1]. Consequently, the variables which are usually available for measurement (temperature, pressure etc.)…”

Key Performance Indicators for Chemical Plants

“…From the already available data, the key performance indicators are calculated automatically on the basis of process models, without making additional work for the operator. [1] The concept of the key performance indicators was first used in the project 'Lean Maintenance' carried out with industrial partners and the Confederation's innovation promotion agency (CTI). In this CTI-project [2] the slow fouling of the wall of a chemical reactor used for vitamin A production was predicted by calculation from the heat transfer coefficient.…”