Modelled decomposition kinetics of flame retarded poly(vinyl acetate)

Rimez, Bart; Assche, Guy Van; Bourbigot, Serge; Rahier, Hubert

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.021

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Figure 9 shows the TGA and DTG curves of EVA and EVA composites, and the results are listed in table 4. Two decomposition processes could be seen for EVA, which were corresponding to the deacetylation step of VA monomers losing acetic acid (gas) from 320°C to 420°C and the polyene backbone decomposition between 420°C and 520°C [27–29]. The main decomposition was the second step, leaving 1.01 wt% residue at 700°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From table 3, it was not difficult to find the time to ignition (TTI) with addition of APP was obviously shortened and the decrease was more obvious with the incorporation of APP/HOTCA/ZnO and APP/OTCA@ZnO. It was reported that the pyrolysis of EVA started from the deacetylation of VA monomers [27,28], and APP could accelerated the decomposition [28]. Also, ZnO regardless of the existence form could further catalyse the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Fire Behaviour: Forced Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of an organic–metallic hybrid charring agent on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer

Shao

et al. 2019

R. Soc. open sci.

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An organic triazine charring agent hybrid with zinc oxide (OTCA@ZnO) was prepared and well characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardancy and thermal behaviour of intumescent flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) composites combining OTCA@ZnO and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were investigated using limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, cone calorimetry and TGA. The structure and morphology of chars were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, laser Raman spectroscopy analysis (LRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results revealed that OTCA@ZnO exhibited excellent thermal stability and dispersity after hybridization. The flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of EVA were significantly improved by introducing APP/OTCA@ZnO. TGA results indicated that APP/OTCA@ZnO presented an excellent synergistic effect and promoted the char formation of EVA composites. Residue analysis results showed more char with high quality connected by richer P–O–C, P–N and P–O–Si structures was formed in APP/OTCA@ZnO system than APP/HOTCA/ZnO system, which consequently suppressed more efficiently the combustion and smoke production due to the in situ catalytic carbonization effect of hybrid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Behaviour: Forced Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of an organic–metallic hybrid charring agent on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer

Shao

et al. 2019

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…From Table 2, it was not difficult to find the time to ignition (TTI) with addition of IFR or IFR/0.5ZnO was obviously shortened. It was reported that the pyrolysis of EVA started from the deacetylation of VA monomers [17], and APP could accelerated the decomposition [18]. Also, the existence of ZnO could further catalyze the pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Forced Combustion Behaviour Of Eva/ifr/zno Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Nano-zinc Oxide on Improving the Flame Retardancy of EVA Composites with an Efficient Triazine-Based Charring Agent

Bi³

et al. 2019

J Polym Environ

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The synergistic effect of nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA/IFR) consisting of novel hyperbranched triazine-based charring agent (HTCFA) and APP was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 measurement, cone calorimeter test (CCT) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the residue analysis was also carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser raman spectroscopy (LRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that introducing a certain amount of nano-ZnO could obviously enhance LOI value and UL-94 rating, and effectively restrain the combustion performance of EVA/IFR composites, leading to the decrease of heat and smoke release. The addition of 0.5 wt% nano-ZnO into EVA/IFR composite obtained the highest catalytic effectivity (CAT-EFF). TGA results uncovered a distinct synergistic carbonization effect existed between nano-ZnO and IFR, and nano-ZnO could obviously improve the high-temperature thermal stability and promote the char formation of IFR and EVA/IFR. Analysis of final char residues proved that the incorporation of appropriate amount of nano-ZnO contributed to remaining more P and forming more highquality graphitization char layers with richer P-O-C and P-N cross-linking structures in condensed phase owing to the catalytic carbonization effect of nano-ZnO on IFR system, which played a critical role in remarkable improvement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of composites.

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“…The fire retardancy of polymers is achieved by applying two approaches: additive-physical incorporation of fire retardants into the polymer, and reactive-copolymerization with a fire retardant (Lu and Hamerton 2002;Dasari et al 2013). For example, nano-Mg(OH) 2 was synthesized and mixed with poly(vinyl acetate) to improve its thermal stability (Ghanbari et al 2013); a fire-retarded PVAc composite was prepared by addition of kaolin, talc, Mg(OH) 2 , zinc borate, glass frit for the sealant application (Al-Hassany et al 2010); poly(vinyl acetate) was blended with melamine isocyanurate (Rimez et al 2016) or with ammonium poly(phosphate) (Rimez et al 2015(Rimez et al , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of melamine and its derivatives on the properties of poly(vinyl acetate)-based composite wood adhesive

et al. 2020

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A fire retardant composite adhesive for bonding wood and wood-based elements has been developed and characterized. To obtain the enhanced fire-proof properties of the wood adhesive dispersion based on the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), ceramic fillers (17.5 wt% total)—alumina, silica, kaolin and glass fibers were applied. Moreover, fire retardants such as melamine, melamine phosphate and melamine polyphosphate (up to 7 wt%) were also used. Thermal analysis (TG-DSC), strength tests, rheology, pH and flammability measurements (PCFC) were performed. The best properties of the adhesive were achieved for ceramic additives supported by melamine phosphate. A slight improvement of shear strength, shift of the last decomposition step of PVAc (residue degradation) towards higher temperatures by about 50 °C, reduction in mass loss from 100 wt% to less than 70 wt% and about 30–40% improvement of flammability parameters such as heat release capacity, total heat release or peak heat release rate were found compared to the pure poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive.

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Modelled decomposition kinetics of flame retarded poly(vinyl acetate)

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Enhancement of an organic–metallic hybrid charring agent on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer

Enhancement of an organic–metallic hybrid charring agent on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer

Synergistic Effects of Nano-zinc Oxide on Improving the Flame Retardancy of EVA Composites with an Efficient Triazine-Based Charring Agent

Impact of melamine and its derivatives on the properties of poly(vinyl acetate)-based composite wood adhesive

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