Modelization of the Release from a Tetradecane/Water/Hexadecane Multiple Emulsion: Evidence of Significant Micellar Diffusion

Abstract

The release of tetradecane from a multiple emulsion of the type tetradecane/water/hexadecane was studied experimentally using the differential scanning calorimetry technique. The kinetics of the tetradecane release was measured for three formulations containing different concentrations of hydrophilic surfactant (2%, 4%, and 7%). A new mass transfer model derived from the shrinking core model was developed. The values of the model parameters deduced from the least-squares fittings led to the determination of the tetradecane diffusivity. Thus, the preponderant mechanism of mass transfer was proved to be micellar diffusion and not molecular diffusion. This conclusion was confirmed by considering the effect of the change in the hydrophilic surfactant concentration.

Mixed O/W emulsions stabilized by solid particles: A model system for controlled mass transfer triggered by surfactant addition

“…For instance in the case of oil-in-water (O/ W) emulsions, these systems allow to model transport processes between two oil phases separated by an aqueous membrane [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Other types of emulsions, as water-in-oil emulsions [13,[15][16][17][18] or oil-water-oil (O/W/O) and water-oil-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions have also been used in this purpose [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Different transfer mechanisms have been reported, including solution-diffusion [15] or micelle-facilitated transport [4][5][6][7][9][10][11]13,14,25].…”

“…Other types of emulsions, as water-in-oil emulsions [13,[15][16][17][18] or oil-water-oil (O/W/O) and water-oil-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions have also been used in this purpose [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Different transfer mechanisms have been reported, including solution-diffusion [15] or micelle-facilitated transport [4][5][6][7][9][10][11]13,14,25]. In these systems, surfactant molecules are involved in the different steps of the experiment: first in the emulsion formation, the decrease in interfacial tension induced by the surface active molecules affecting the droplets formation and their break-up process, secondly in the stabilization of the emulsion by the formation of an adsorbed film at the oil droplet/water interface, and then in the oil transfer process by modifying the solubility of oil in the aqueous phase, which may involve (or not) the solubilization of oil in micelles.…”

Freezing Within Emulsions: Theoretical Aspects and Engineering Applications

“…A theoretical analysis has shown that the mass transfer occurs essentially by micellar diffusion [77].…”

Stability and rheology of W/Si/W multiple emulsions with polydimethylsiloxane

“…Pickering emulsions with graphene oxide (GO) as a stabilizer had been prepared and the effects of the type of oil, the sonication time, the GO concentration, the oil/aqueous rate, and the pH value on the stability, type, and morphology of the systems were investigated [24]. And multiple emulsions with different oils including camelina, fish, camelinae and fish oil blends and lipophilic polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and hydrophilic sodium caseinate (SC) as emulsifiers had also been investigated [25].…”

“…However, the stable of multiple emulsions still unsettled, whether prepared by two-step or single-step emulsification with different emulsifiers and oils [24][25][26].…”