“…Furthermore, this is the service with fewer indicators found in the available literature sources. This outcome is in line with the findings of Nedkov et al (2022) who puts this service in the lower category of services, modeled in a few…”
Section: Assessment and Mapping Of Ecosystem Servicessupporting
confidence: 89%
“…These authors organize them into five extensive categories: improvement of extractive water supply, improvement of in-stream water supply, water damage mitigation, provision of water-related cultural services, and water-associated supporting services. The CICES classification (Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services) contains 12 classes that can be assigned to the water-related ES (Nedkov et al 2022). Six of them are provisional and the other six can be assigned to WRES.…”
Section: Water Regulation Ecosystem Servicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Water regulation is considered as a key regulating ES in both ecosystem assessment and accounting, includes several ES, such as water retention and storm and high-water protection (including flood control on rivers and coasts). These water regulation services are closely related to other regulating ES, such as erosion and sedimentation control and water purification (Nedkov et al 2022). The assessment of water regulation services needs various data related to the different elements of the water cycle.…”
Karst is a widely spread natural phenomenon which provides essential benefits to human society, such as drinking water. The water cycle in the karst geosystems is the main factor for their formation and at the same time one of the main drivers for ecosystem services (ES) provision. The monitoring of the water cycle can provide valuable information regarding its functioning and ensure data for ES assessment. This paper aims to present an overview of the monitoring of the water cycle in the karst geosystems and the opportunities to integrate the monitoring data into the water regulation ES assessment. The monitoring of the water cycle is based on the methodological framework ProKARSTerra. It is applied in model karst geosystems, which are representative of the main karst types in Bulgaria. One of them is the Brestnitsa karst geosystem, which is the case study of this work. The monitoring ensures data for analyses of the water cycle which can be used in the assessment of water-related ecosystem services. The results from the analyses of the data requirements and availability show that some services such as water flow regulation and regulation of chemical condition of freshwaters can be easily provided through data for quantification, while for others further studies are needed. The results of the long-term integrated monitoring in Brestnitsa karst geosystem provide the foundation for important conclusions and models for the karst genesis and function under global changes and active anthropogenic pressure. Their integration into the assessment framework and mapping of ecosystem services is an essential step towards the development of models for sustainable use of natural resources in the karst areas.
“…Furthermore, this is the service with fewer indicators found in the available literature sources. This outcome is in line with the findings of Nedkov et al (2022) who puts this service in the lower category of services, modeled in a few…”
Section: Assessment and Mapping Of Ecosystem Servicessupporting
confidence: 89%
“…These authors organize them into five extensive categories: improvement of extractive water supply, improvement of in-stream water supply, water damage mitigation, provision of water-related cultural services, and water-associated supporting services. The CICES classification (Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services) contains 12 classes that can be assigned to the water-related ES (Nedkov et al 2022). Six of them are provisional and the other six can be assigned to WRES.…”
Section: Water Regulation Ecosystem Servicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Water regulation is considered as a key regulating ES in both ecosystem assessment and accounting, includes several ES, such as water retention and storm and high-water protection (including flood control on rivers and coasts). These water regulation services are closely related to other regulating ES, such as erosion and sedimentation control and water purification (Nedkov et al 2022). The assessment of water regulation services needs various data related to the different elements of the water cycle.…”
Karst is a widely spread natural phenomenon which provides essential benefits to human society, such as drinking water. The water cycle in the karst geosystems is the main factor for their formation and at the same time one of the main drivers for ecosystem services (ES) provision. The monitoring of the water cycle can provide valuable information regarding its functioning and ensure data for ES assessment. This paper aims to present an overview of the monitoring of the water cycle in the karst geosystems and the opportunities to integrate the monitoring data into the water regulation ES assessment. The monitoring of the water cycle is based on the methodological framework ProKARSTerra. It is applied in model karst geosystems, which are representative of the main karst types in Bulgaria. One of them is the Brestnitsa karst geosystem, which is the case study of this work. The monitoring ensures data for analyses of the water cycle which can be used in the assessment of water-related ecosystem services. The results from the analyses of the data requirements and availability show that some services such as water flow regulation and regulation of chemical condition of freshwaters can be easily provided through data for quantification, while for others further studies are needed. The results of the long-term integrated monitoring in Brestnitsa karst geosystem provide the foundation for important conclusions and models for the karst genesis and function under global changes and active anthropogenic pressure. Their integration into the assessment framework and mapping of ecosystem services is an essential step towards the development of models for sustainable use of natural resources in the karst areas.
“…The quantification of HESS has become one of the fastest growing areas of environmental research [9]. Yet, due to the absence of operational information systems, policy makers continue with business as usual.…”
Hydrological ecosystem services (HESS) describe the benefits of water for multiple purposes with an emphasis on environmental values. The value of HESS is often not realized because primary benefits (e.g., food production, water withdrawals) get the most attention. Secondary benefits such as water storage, purification or midday temperature cooling are often overlooked. This results in an incorrect evaluation of beneficial water usage in urban and rural resettlements and misunderstandings when land use changes are introduced. The objective of this paper is to propose a standard list of 17 HESS indicators that are in line with the policy and philosophy of the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and that are measurable with earth observation technologies in conjunction with GIS and hydrological models. The HESS17 framework considered indicators that can be directly related to water flows, water fluxes and water stocks; they have a natural characteristic with minimal anthropogenic influence and must be quantifiable by means of earth observation models in combination with GIS and hydrological models. The introduction of a HESS framework is less meaningful without proper quantification procedures in place. Because of the widely diverging management options, the role of water should be categorized as (i) consumptive use (i.e., evapotranspiration and dry matter production) and (ii) non-consumptive use (stream flow, recharge, water storage). Governments and responsible agencies for integrated water management should recognize the need to include HESS17 in water allocation policies, water foot-printing, water accounting, transboundary water management, food security purposes and spatial land-use planning processes. The proposed HESS17 framework and associated methods can be used to evaluate land, soil and water conservation programs. This paper presents a framework that is non-exhaustive but can be realistically computed and applicable across spatial scales.
“…The evaluation of ecosystem water supply function requires understanding the regional ecosystem's structure and major processes. This process mainly adopts the establishment of ecosystem service assessment and optimization model systems to elucidate the formation and interaction mechanisms of ecosystem water supply services [8,9]. The model systems include service tradeoffs, change analysis, and scenario prediction [10,11].…”
The Chaohu Lake Basin (CLB) is the main flow area of the Yangtze River–Huaihe River Water Transfer Project in Central China. It is important to quantitatively evaluate the water resources in the CLB and predict their response to future climate change. This study simulated and calibrated the water yield in the CLB from 2000 to 2019 based on InVEST. We also analyzed the influence factor on the water yield and predicted the water yield in future years with CMIP6 data. The results demonstrate that: (1) The InVEST water production module had good applicability in this study region. There was a strong linear relationship between the simulated water yield and the observed surface runoff (y = 1.2363x − 8.6038, R2 = 0.868, p < 0.01); (2) The explanatory percentage of interaction between precipitation and land use/land cover for water yield in 2001, 2008, and 2016 reached 71%, 77%, and 85%, respectively, which were the two dominant factors affecting water yield in the CLB; and (3) The average annual water yield in the CLB increased under the SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 future scenarios with increasing precipitation, increased with 71%, 139.8%, and 159.5% in 2100 compared with 2040, respectively. The overall trend of water production decreased with increases in carbon emission intensity.
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