Modeling vehicle–pedestrian interactions outside of crosswalks

Zheng, Yinan; Chase, Thomas E.; Elefteriadou, Lily; Schroeder, Bastian J; Sisiopiku, Virginia P.

doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2015.08.005

Cited by 59 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pedestrians crossing at crosswalks were more careful when making a crossing decision. In previous studies, the drivers showed a greater tendency of yielding to pedestrians at permissible crossings compared with jaywalkers [33]. The pedestrians' crossing direction was seen as an important parameter determining their crossing behavior and safety.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar

et al. 2019

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At non-signalized marked crosswalks, pedestrian priority is neither well-defined nor well acknowledged by drivers. This paper presents the findings of an investigation on both driver and pedestrian behavior at non-signalized marked crosswalks located on channelized right-turn lanes at intersections in the State of Qatar. Five crosswalks in Doha city were video recorded from discrete locations on a typical working day. The results from the data analysis of 1620 pedestrians’ behavior indicated that waiting behavior, gap acceptance, and crossing speed are complex phenomena and depend upon both pedestrians’ characteristics as well as their crossing characteristics. The drivers’ yielding behavior was mainly linked to pedestrians’ gender and adjacent land use. Low driver yielding rates indicated that significant improvements are required to enhance pedestrian safety. Among pedestrian attributes, gender had the most significant effect on crossing behavior followed by distractions, crossing in a group or alone, and dressing style. Findings of this research will be useful for planners when designing crosswalks at new intersections and during simulations of pedestrian and driver behavior at marked crosswalks on exclusive right-turn lanes. The results of this study will also be directly applicable to the Arabian Gulf countries as they exhibit similar conditions as the State of Qatar.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, rates of yielding were likely to be higher when the distance from the pedestrian to the vehicle was higher, when pedestrians were crossing in groups, while looking at the approaching driver. It was found that jaywalkers were less likely to accept driver’s yielding behaviors, resulting in a lower yield utilization rate than permissive crossings at crosswalks [ 39 ]. An emerging dangerous multiple threat phenomena is where a vehicle in one lane yields but the obscured vehicle on the next lane doesn’t [ 40 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle yielding probability estimation model at unsignalized midblock crosswalks in Shanghai, China

Malenje

Zhao

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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The vehicle-pedestrian encounter at midblock crosswalks in urban centers is inevitable but the challenge to urban transportation planners is in achieving a balance between traffic flow efficiency and pedestrian safety. Vehicles are expected to yield to pedestrians who have a right of way at the midblock unsignalized crosswalks but, failure to yield causes conflicts that at times are fatal. This study investigated the effect of macroscopic factors on the vehicle yielding. Six environmental factors are considered: temporal gap size, number of traffic lanes, number of waiting pedestrians, position of pedestrian (whether on street kerb or median), traffic flow direction and presence (or absence) of monitoring ePolice. Video Data on six observed variables that influenced vehicle yielding was collected from 13 uncontrolled crosswalk locations in Shanghai city in the Peoples Republic of China. A Logit model with a 95.9% accuracy was developed to describe the vehicle yielding behavior. The results showed that gap size and number of traffic lanes had the highest influence on driver yielding decision and that drivers were more likely to yield if ePolice was present. The sensitivity analysis was conducted and appropriate recommendations on improving the pedestrians crossing safety were proposed accordingly.

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“…Literature indicates that vehicle-pedestrian crashes are mainly related to the lack of driver compliance towards pedestrian crossing laws (i.e., Mitman et al 2010;Van Houten et al 2013). However, unsafe pedestrian behaviours such as pedestrian crossing outside of a zebra crossing (i.e., jaywalking) may highly affect safety (Zheng et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle–pedestrian Interactions Into and Outside of Crosswalks: Effects of Driver Assistance Systems

Bella¹,

Silvestri²

2021

Transport

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This study aimed to analyse the driver’s behaviour during the interaction with a pedestrian crossing into and outside the zebra crossing, and evaluate the effectiveness of two kinds of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) that provided to the driver an auditory alert, and a visual alert to detect the pedestrian. 42 participants joined the experiment conducted using the fixed-base driving simulator of the Department of Engineering (Roma Tre University). They experienced different crossing conditions (legal and illegal) and ADAS conditions (no ADAS, visual warning and auditory warning) in an urban scenario. The parameters Time-To-Arrive (TTA) and Speed Reduction Time (SRT) were obtained from the drivers’ speed profiles in the last 150 m in advance of the conflict point with the pedestrian. Results clearly showed the criticality of illegal crossings. When the pedestrian crossed outside of the crosswalk, the highest number of collision occurred and the ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) returned significant effects on both the dependent variables TTA and SRT, highlighting the higher criticality of the vehicle–pedestrian interaction and the more abrupt yielding manoeuvre. Positive effects (the vehicle–pedestrian interaction was less critical and the yielding manoeuvre was smoother) emerged for both the driver assistance systems, although not statistically significant. Besides, both the driver assistance systems positively affected the behaviour of the average cautious drivers. No significant effects of the warning systems were recorded on the aggressive drivers, which because of their behavioural characteristics ignored the warning alarm. In addition, no significant effects of the warning systems were recorded for the very cautious drivers, which adjusted their behaviour even before the alarm trigger. Finally, the outcomes of the questionnaire submitted to the participants highlighted the clear preference for the auditory warning, probably because of the different physical stimuli that are solicited by the warning signal. The results confirm that adequate pedestrian paths should be planned to avoid jaywalker conditions, which induce the driver to assume critical driving behaviour and provide useful findings of the effectiveness of driver assistance systems for pedestrian detection.

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Modeling vehicle–pedestrian interactions outside of crosswalks

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar

Road Users’ Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections in the State of Qatar

Vehicle yielding probability estimation model at unsignalized midblock crosswalks in Shanghai, China

Vehicle–pedestrian Interactions Into and Outside of Crosswalks: Effects of Driver Assistance Systems

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