Modeling trend changes of mean annual exposure to PM2.5 particles in the Middle East countries via growth mixture models

Purpose Malnutrition is an important public health issue and the main cause of child morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to model trend changes in percentage of the malnourished children under 5 among 39 Asian countries during 1987 to 2016. Methods Information about percentage of the malnourished under 5 years children based on under-weight (weight for age) malnutrition for 39 Asian countries were extracted from Gapminder web site during 1987 to 2016. To cluster Asian countries based on trend changes, Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was implemented. All the statistical analyses were performed in Mplus 7.4 software and P < 0.10 in likelihood ratio test (LRT) was considered as statistically significant. Results Based on P-value of LRT, the model with 3 clusters was selected. Although, cluster 3 with 9 countries had higher intercept in 1987 and the worst situation in malnutrition, they gained a sharp decrease (− 0.93) in percentage of malnourished children under five annually. The slope of − 0.64 for cluster 1 countries indicate a moderate decrease annually in percent of children with malnutrition. The other 20 countries with slope of − 0.29 in their linear trend belonged to cluster 2 which shows slow decrease in the percentage of children with malnutrition. Conclusion The investments in public health and education programs, as well as political commitment and government proper response in line with needs and demands are crucial to promote food security, nourishing diets and improving child nutrition. Certainly, most of them are still a long way from eradicating malnutrition.

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Environmental Conditions in Middle Eastern Megacities: A Comparative Spatiotemporal Analysis Using Remote Sensing Time Series

Mohammadi

Saber

Amini

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Rapid and timely evaluation and monitoring of the urban environment has gained significant importance in understanding the state of urban sustainability in metropolises. Multi-source remote sensing (RS) data are a valuable source for a comprehensive understanding of urban environmental changes in developing countries. However, in the Middle East, a region with several developing countries, limited study has been conducted to understand urban environmental changes. In this study, to evaluate the changes in the urban environment, 32 metropolises in the Middle East were studied between 2000 and 2019. For this purpose, a comprehensive environmental index (CEI) integrated with Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for processing and analysis is introduced. The results show degraded environmental conditions in 19 metropolises based on a significant increasing trend in the time series of the CEI index. The highest increasing trend in the value of the CEI was observed in the cities of Makkah, Jeddah, Basra, Riyadh, and Sana’a. The results also show that the percentage of urban areas in all 32 cities that falls into the degraded class varies from 5% to 75% between 2005 and 2018. The results of CEI changes in megacities, such as Ajman, Tehran, Jeddah, Makkah, Riyadh, Karaj, and Sana’a show that these cities have increasingly suffered from the degradation of environmental conditions since 2001. According to the results, it is recommended to pay more attention to environmental issues regarding the future of urban development in these cities. The proposed approach in this study can be implemented for environmental assessment in other regions.

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Modeling trend changes of mean annual exposure to PM2.5 particles in the Middle East countries via growth mixture models

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Assessing PM_2.5 in Bahrain From the DPSIR Framework Perspective

Assessing PM_2.5 in Bahrain From the DPSIR Framework Perspective

Modeling trend changes in percent of under five-year-old children with malnutrition amongst 39 Asian countries from 1987 to 2016 via growth mixture model

Environmental Conditions in Middle Eastern Megacities: A Comparative Spatiotemporal Analysis Using Remote Sensing Time Series

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Modeling trend changes of mean annual exposure to PM2.5 particles in the Middle East countries via growth mixture models

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Assessing PM2.5 in Bahrain From the DPSIR Framework Perspective

Assessing PM2.5 in Bahrain From the DPSIR Framework Perspective

Modeling trend changes in percent of under five-year-old children with malnutrition amongst 39 Asian countries from 1987 to 2016 via growth mixture model

Environmental Conditions in Middle Eastern Megacities: A Comparative Spatiotemporal Analysis Using Remote Sensing Time Series

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Assessing PM_2.5 in Bahrain From the DPSIR Framework Perspective

Assessing PM_2.5 in Bahrain From the DPSIR Framework Perspective