Modeling transport and fate of heavy metals at the watershed scale: State-of-the-art and future directions

Implementation of a Far-Field Water Quality Model for the Simulation of Trace Elements in an Eastern Mediterranean Coastal Embayment Receiving High Anthropogenic Pressure

“…The study area is divided into the following subareas, based on bottom morphology: (i) Elefsis Bay, connected with the adjacent sub-basins through two narrow and shallow straits, located in the west (Megara strait) and the southeast (Keratsini strait), (ii) eastern Saronikos basin that is further divided into the inner Saronikos to the north and the outer Saronikos to the southeast, from where the gulf connects with the Aegean Sea, and (iii) western Saronikos Gulf (Table S1). The network of monitoring stations (S1, S2, S3, S7, S8, S11, S13, S16, S18, S43) as implemented in the framework of the action 'Monitoring of the Saronikos Gulf ecosystem under the influence of the Psittalia sewage outflow' [21], as well as the sources of pollution (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), are displayed in Figure 1b. Five trace elements were chosen to set up and validate a water quality model configuration: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn).…”

“…Water quality modeling is an implementation moving towards that direction, used in various applications and for all types of aquatic environments [4]. Some fields in which water quality models are used are: human health protection from pathogen pollution [5]; prediction of eutrophication [6]; prediction and investigation of chemical pollution, including heavy metals [7], emerging contaminants, and antibiotics [8,9]; antibiotic resistance of aquatic environments [10]; and many others. The most crucial and valuable usage of water quality modeling as a tool is the provision of support for the development of policies and environmental management strategies [11,12].…”

“…7 according to monitoring values from the National Water Monitoring Network [50],8 as no data exist, the same values used for the Kifisos river were used [50],9 according toFirfilionis et al (2004) [17],10 according to emission levels permitted by Directive 2010/75/EU, national legislation[44] (Decision 17823/79, FEK 1132 B/21-12-79), and EHS Guidelines[51].…”

Long short-term memory models of water quality in inland water environments

“…For non-conservative pollutants, both chemical and biological transformations are taken into consideration. While models like HSPF, INCA, and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are suitable for conducting 1D simulations of surface water quality constituents at the catchment scale, more detailed and comprehensive simulation outcomes can be achieved through the use of numerical models such as WASP, Delft3D, and EFDC ( Bouraoui and Grizzetti, 2014 ; Keller et al., 2023 ; Zhou et al., 2023 ).…”

The Influence of Aqueous Iron on River Sand’s Arsenic Adsorption: Characteristics and Mechanisms

“…Winde and Jacobus van der Walt [10] conducted field experiments in the Witwatersrand basin of South Africa and found that when reductive groundwater was mixed with oxidative surface water, reductive Fe and Mn in the surface water oxidized and precipitated. However, the precipitated or colloidal Fe and manganese oxides acted as strong adsorbents to immobilize As, resulting in reduced As concentrations in groundwater [11]. Nagorski and Moore [12] studied the migration and transformation of Fe and As elements in the riparian zones of western Montana and found that when the pH and redox potential in the groundwater of the hyporheic zone increased, the adsorption capacity of Fe and manganese oxides for As was enhanced.…”