Modeling transfusion reactions and predicting in vivo cell survival with kodecytes

Abstract

KODE technology not only enables the creation of artificial transfusion reactions in animal models, but also has the potential to be used clinically in man to determine 24-hour cell survival. The ability to recover the kodecytes for further analysis has valuable research and diagnostic potential.

FSL Constructs: A Simple Method for Modifying Cell/Virion Surfaces with a Range of Biological Markers Without Affecting their Viability

“…FSL constructs have been used in modifying embryos, spermatozoa, zebrafish, epithelial/endometrial cells, red blood cells, and virions to create quality controls systems and diagnostic panels, to modify cell adhesion/ interaction/ separation/ immobilization, and for in vitro and in vivo imaging of cells/virions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] .…”

“…FSL constructs as direct infusions and kodecytes/kodevirions have been used in experimental animal models 7,8,10 . All kodecytes/kodevirions appear to retain their normal vitality and functionality while gaining the new function of the F moiety 7,8,10,11 . The combination of dispersibility in biocompatible media, spontaneous incorporation into cell membranes, and apparent low toxicity, makes FSL constructs valuable research tools for the study of cells and virions.…”

Incorporation of fluorescein conjugated function-spacer-lipid constructs into the red blood cell membrane facilitates detection of labeled cells for the duration of ex-vivo storage

“…This includes depletion of 2,3 diphosphoglycrate (2,3 DPG), reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reduction in nitric oxide (NO), de-stabilisation of the RBC membrane and generation of microparticles [2]. Using FSL-Biotin in a murine transfusion model, Oliver and colleagues (2011) reported a post-transfusion loss of FSL label approximating 10% loss per day post-transfusion [9]. However, this study was focussed on post transfusion survival of FSL labelled cells and only labelled RBC at a single time point before transfusion thus did not study stability of FSL labelling in different RBC subsets and over the duration of storage.…”

“…blood group antigens) [8]. A range of FSL constructs have been introduced and used in-vivo animal transfusion models [9]. However, to date the stability of insertion and longevity of the FSL-label for assessment of stored human PRBC has not been investigated.…”

“…blood group antigens) without altering the host cell function [7,8]. This is a valuable technology that has been utilised to model transfusion reactions and predict in-vivo RBC survival in animals [9], and has the potential to be applied in human clinical studies, though this avenue has not yet been explored.…”