Modeling the valorization of poultry litter via thermochemical processing

Abstract

Waste management via thermochemical processing is gaining increasing importance as larger volumes of solid waste are generated yearly. The poultry industry generates a variety of wastes, of which the largest stream in terms of volume is the litter. In this study, three thermodynamic models were developed on ASPEN Plus v8.8 for pyrolysis, in‐line steam reforming, and gasification of poultry litter. At optimal pyrolysis of 450 °C, the product yield was 43.74 wt% bio‐oil, 6.71 wt% gas, and 49.55 wt% char. The optimal conditions for the in‐line steam reforming of poultry litter were observed to be 400 °C temperature and 12 kg kg−1 steam‐to‐feed ratio (STFR), yielding a syngas composition of 70.2 mol% H2, 29.4 mol% CO2, 0.22 mol% CH4, and a trace amount of CO. The optimal conditions for the gasification of poultry litter were 700 °C temperature and 0.2 kg kg−1, yielding a syngas composition of 52.6 mol% H2, 10.3 mol% CO2, 2.77 mol% CH4 and 34.3 mol% CO. Gasification gave a higher syngas yield but with less quality. Steam reforming gave better quality but a lower yield. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Air Gasification of Banana (Musa spp.) Residues to Produce Biofuels

“…It can be observed that for all three residues, the selectivity of hydrogen and carbon monoxide increases with temperature while carbon dioxide and methane drops with temperature. This has also been observed for the gasi cation of poultry litter [24] and switchgrass [25]. The optimum temperature for hydrogen selectivity for pseudo-stem and peels is 900 o C while that of leaves is 700 o C. At these optimum conditions, the hydrogen molar selectivity in the product stream is 56%, 55% and 53% for pseudo-stem, peels and leaves respectively.…”

“…What was quite conspicuous for all three residues in the drop in methane and rise in CO 2 content with increasing AFR. This has also been observed for the gasi cation of poultry litter [24] and switchgrass [25]. The greater availability of oxygen (from air) at higher temperatures ensure a more intense gasi cation of the carbon load leading to higher oxygenated products and lesser methane.…”

Thermochemical conversion of oil palm Fiber‐LDPE hybrid waste into biochar

“…4 For mitigation purposes, thermochemical processing of biomass has received significant attention because it doubles as a technology for clean energy generation as well as for the production of renewable energy chemicals (biofuels). 5,6 Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is grown in semi-wild groves in tropical countries. In the production of palm oil, large quantities of biomass wastes (such as trunks, fronds, fibers, shells, and empty fruit bunches) are generated.…”

“…For instance, agricultural waste is a major type of municipal solid waste that has been increasingly creating environmental hazards in communities due to their inefficient and improper disposal 4 . For mitigation purposes, thermochemical processing of biomass has received significant attention because it doubles as a technology for clean energy generation as well as for the production of renewable energy chemicals (biofuels) 5, 6 …”

Simulation of Supercritical Water Gasification of Microalgae for Hydrogen and Methane-rich Gas Production

“…The non-conventional components are modelled by their proximate and ultimate analyses. The Peng-Robinson with Boston-Mathias function (PR-BM) property method was considered for this simulation as it provides good accuracy for gasification simulations [6,9,10]. The supercritical water gasification process is simulated using the RYield and RGibbs block as shown in Fig.…”