Modeling the treatment of drinking water to maximize dissolved organic matter removal and minimize disinfection by-product formation

Leeuwen, John van; Daly, Robert; Holmes, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.10.024

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…mEnCo© modelling software mEnCo© is a modelling software package that was designed to assist WTP operators in managing chemical dosing for DOC removal (van Leeuwen et al, 2003(van Leeuwen et al, , 2005Kastl et al, 2004). Model inputs are four raw water quality parameters, UV measured at 254 nm, colour measured at 456 nm, turbidity and alkalinity which are routinely measured at the WTP laboratory (van Leeuwen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Prediction and Determination Of Alum Dosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced coagulation doses (EnCD) provided for near maximum removal of organics, when compared to removals attained by application of very high alum doses, used to differentiate between removable (coagulable) and non-removable (non-coagulable) organics as measured by DOC. For the mEnCo model, the enhanced dose is based on established jar test data of a range of water qualities where near maximum removal refers to a DOC decline rate with alum dosing at 0.15 mg DOC/10 mg alum (a gradient of − 0.015) (van Leeuwen et al, 2005). The application of the high coagulant dose at controlled pH has no practical relevance other than to enable differentiation of coagulable from non-coagulable DOC and characterization of the organics that are recalcitrant to removal at a specified coagulation pH.…”

Section: Assessment Of Treatability Of Nommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

Murshed

Aslam

Lewis

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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a major flood period was investigated. The flood period (over 6 months) occurred during an intense La Niña cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased (2-3 times) to high concentrations (up to 16 mg/L) and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model (mEnCo©). Predicted mean alum dose rates (per mg DOC) were higher before (9.1 mg alum/mg DOC) and after (8.5 mg alum/mg DOC) than during the flood event (8.0 mg alum/mg DOC), indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds (>2 kDa) were mostly detected in waters collected, but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.

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Section: Prediction and Determination Of Alum Dosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Treatability Of Nommentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

Murshed

Aslam

Lewis

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and XAD-4 resins have been used to determine the humic/nonhumic distributions of DOM. In recent years, high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with DOC and or UV-Visible detection has become a popular technique for characterization of DOM based on its physical properties (molecular weight distribution) and for evaluation of water treatment processes (Allpike et al, 2005;Bolto et al, 2001;Chin et al, 1994;Chow et al, 1999;Gjessing et al, 1998;Her et al, 2008;van Leeuwen et al, 2002;Vuorio et al, 1998). However, the apparent molecular weight (AMW) distribution profile of DOM with overlapped peaks can only provide qualitative information by comparing the profiles of different raw waters or waters before and after certain treatment processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several empirical and semi-empirical models have been developed based on the regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), while some others were based on consideration of the character and quantity of DOM, such as those utilizing Langmuir adsorption isotherm theory. However, only few models (van Leeuwen et al, 2003(van Leeuwen et al, , 2005 described the relationship between the raw water characteristics, dosing to achieve enhanced coagulation, and the final pH reached after enhanced coagulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, considerable number of publications aimed at developing models of DOM removal by enhanced coagulation (Edwards, 1997;Urfer et al, 1999;Baxter et al, 1999;Stanley et al, 2000;van Leeuwen et al, 2003van Leeuwen et al, , 2005Kastl et al, 2004;Chow et al, 2008). Several empirical and semi-empirical models have been developed based on the regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), while some others were based on consideration of the character and quantity of DOM, such as those utilizing Langmuir adsorption isotherm theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH modeling for maximum dissolved organic matter removal by enhanced coagulation

Xie

Wang

Leeuwen

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal using four typical coagulants (FeCl 3 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and high performance polyaluminum chloride (HPAC)) without pH control were investigated. These correlations were analyzed on the basis of the raw water quality and the chemical and physical fractionations of DOM of thirteen Chinese source waters over three seasons. It was found that the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants was influenced by the content of removable DOM (i.e. hydrophobic and higher apparent molecular weight (AMW) DOM), the alkalinity and the initial pH of raw water. A set of feed-forward semi-empirical models relating the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants with the raw water characteristics were developed and optimized based on correlation analysis. The established models were preliminarily validated for prediction purposes, and it was found that the deviation between the predicted data and actual data was low. This result demonstrated the potential for the application of these models in practical operation of drinking water treatment plants.

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Monitoring natural organic matter in drinking water treatment with photoelectrochemical oxygen demand

DeMont,

Anderson,

Bennett

et al. 2024

AWWA Water Science

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Conventional metrics such as total organic carbon (TOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) may oversee aspects of natural organic matter (NOM) reactivity in drinking water treatment. The novel photoelectrochemical oxygen demand (peCOD) analyzer indirectly measures the oxygen consumed during NOM oxidation with photo‐ and electrochemical methods, quantifying NOM reactivity. peCOD was valuable for tracking NOM degradation in nine drinking water treatment facilities, particularly in processes where conventional metrics failed to capture changes in NOM from partial oxidation (e.g., biofiltration and oxidation). However, peCOD exhibited moderate correlations with TOC (R2 = 0.67) and UV254 (R2 = 0.48), indicating the need for its concurrent use with conventional methods. While peCOD was not a significant predictor of disinfection by‐product formation potential (R2 < 0.20), its inclusion alongside standard NOM metrics improved the performance of multivariable regression models. Thus, peCOD provided a rapid, standardized, operator‐friendly, environmentally conscious, concentration‐based approach for evaluating NOM characteristics in drinking water samples.

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Modeling the treatment of drinking water to maximize dissolved organic matter removal and minimize disinfection by-product formation

Cited by 61 publications

References 7 publications

Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

pH modeling for maximum dissolved organic matter removal by enhanced coagulation

Monitoring natural organic matter in drinking water treatment with photoelectrochemical oxygen demand

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