Modeling the Role of Social-Cognitive Processes in the Recognition of Own- and Other-Race Faces

Susa, Kyle J.; Meissner, Christian A.; Heer, Hendrik D. de

doi:10.1521/soco.2010.28.4.523

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In modeling the basic mechanisms underlying the ORB, Meissner et al (2005) and more recently Susa et al (2010) concluded that the cognitive processes involved in encoding the same-race faces are qualitatively different from that of other-race faces. Racial categorization plays a significant role in early stages of other-race face processing whereby an out-group label may “disrupt the successful encoding of individuating facial information” (p. 535).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a face is perceived, an automatic social categorization process occurs such that the face is placed into an in-group or an out-group category. Race is one of a number of factors that can cue out-group categorization processes (Levin, 2000; Susa et al,2010). As demonstrated by studies with ambiguous race faces, changing just one facial feature that stereotypically marks a race(e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxytocin eliminates the own-race bias in face recognition memory

et al. 2014

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The neuropeptide Oxytocin influences a number of social behaviors, including processing of faces. We examined whether Oxytocin facilitates the processing of out-group faces and reduce the own-race bias (ORB). The ORB is a robust phenomenon characterized by poor recognition memory of other-race faces compared to the same-race faces. In Experiment 1, participants received intranasal solutions of Oxytocin or placebo prior to viewing White and Black faces. On a subsequent recognition test, whereas in the placebo condition the same-race faces were better recognized than other-race faces, in the Oxytocin condition Black and White faces were equally well recognized, effectively eliminating the ORB. In Experiment 2, Oxytocin was administered after the study phase. The ORB resulted, but Oxytocin did not significantly reduce the effect. This study is the first to show that Oxytocin can enhance face memory of out-group members and underscore the importance of social encoding mechanisms underlying the own-race bias.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin eliminates the own-race bias in face recognition memory

et al. 2014

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“…Over 45 years of psychological research demonstrates that people are significantly better at remembering, perceiving, and identifying faces of one's own-race ethnicity relative to other races (see Meissner & Brigham, 2001). This cross-race effect has been demonstrated extensively in both laboratory and field studies, and in experiments examining long-term (i.e., eyewitness) memory as well as earlier stages of cognitive processing such as social categorization, perceptual discrimination, and working memory (Hugenberg, Young, Bernstein, & Sacco, 2010;Lindsay, Jack, & Christian, 1991;Susa, Meissner, & de Heer, 2010). Despite its real-world applicability, surprisingly few studies have examined the cross-race effect as it pertains to the task performed by travel document screeners, where a simultaneous (or rapid sequential) comparison is made between a passport photograph and the person presenting the photograph to the screener.…”

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confidence: 99%

Imposter identification in low prevalence environments

Susa

Michael

Dessenberger

et al. 2018

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose Travel document screeners play an important role in international security when determining whether a photograph ID matches the tendering individual. Psychological research indicates when conditions involve low base rates of ‘imposter’ photographs, document screeners change their response criterion for rendering a ‘match’ determination. The primary purpose of the current experiments was to examine the nature of this base rate criterion shift, free from experimental bias, for both own‐ and other‐race faces. Further, Experiment 2 examined how low‐base rate conditions might moderate a cross‐race effect in the calibration between confidence and accuracy. Method In two experiments, participants completed an 80‐trial task where they were asked to determine whether a passport photograph matched the photograph of a tendering individual. The base rate of imposter IDs and the race of the people in the photographs were manipulated across participants. Signal detection measures and the calibration between confidence and accuracy were analysed. Results In each experiment, low base rates of imposter identifications induced a conservative criterion shift such that people were more likely to declare that faces ‘mismatch’. Further, race and imposter base rate interacted to influence the confidence–accuracy calibration, suggesting a cross‐race effect on calibration was exacerbated in the low imposter base rate condition, and low‐base rate conditions also elicited greater overconfidence for other‐relative to own‐race faces. Conclusions Free from experimental bias, low imposter base rates induced a conservative response criterion, leading participants to render more ‘mismatch’ decisions. Moreover, low base rates moderated cross‐race effects in the calibration between confidence and accuracy, and in a measure of overconfidence.

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“…Several social-cognitive theories have been proposed to account for the CRE (see Hugenberg, Young, Bernstein, & Sacco, 2010;Meissner, Brigham, & Butz, 2005;Sporer, 2001;Susa, Meissner, & de Heer, 2010). The primary component in these theories involves differences that occur during encoding of same-and cross-race faces.…”

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Birds of a feather get misidentified together: High entitativity decreases recognition accuracy for groups of other‐race faces

McGuire

Pezdek

2014

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose The cross‐race effect can be exaggerated when faces are presented in groups, leading to less accurate eyewitness identifications (Pezdek, O'Brien, & Wasson, , Law Hum. Behav., 36, 488). Our current study examined the effect of entitativity, the degree to which members of a group are perceived as a coherent unit (Campbell, , Behav. Sci., 3, 14), on recognition accuracy for same‐ and cross‐race faces presented in groups. Methods White participants viewed 16 slides of 3‐face groups (eight White groups, eight Black groups). Prior to viewing the faces they were told that the entitativity of each 3‐face group was high (‘friends who do things together’) or low (‘people in line at the bank’). They were then tested on 32 individually presented faces (16 old and 16 new). Results When cross‐race faces were presented in high rather than low entitativity groups, less accurate face recognition memory resulted. Increasing group entitativity decreased recognition accuracy for cross‐race faces but increased recognition accuracy for same‐race faces. Conclusions The results suggest that the perception of a group negatively impacts eyewitness memory. Contextual factors such as entitativity need to be considered along with other estimator variables when assessing eyewitness identification accuracy.

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Modeling the Role of Social-Cognitive Processes in the Recognition of Own- and Other-Race Faces

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Oxytocin eliminates the own-race bias in face recognition memory

Oxytocin eliminates the own-race bias in face recognition memory

Imposter identification in low prevalence environments

Birds of a feather get misidentified together: High entitativity decreases recognition accuracy for groups of other‐race faces

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