“…Despite their differences, childbearing women, healthcare providers, and commentators on birth in many high-income Western countries have identified control as an important issue during childbirth. From the Labor Agentry Scale to measure women's expectations and experiences of personal control during childbirth (Hodnett & Simmons-Tropea, 1987) to recent surveys of childbearing women (Declercq, Sakala, Corry, Applebaum, & Risher, 2002, 2006), the literature is replete with evidence that perceived control (or lack thereof) is of significance to childbearing women (Ayers & Pickering, 2005; DiMatteo, Kahn & Berry, 1993; Gibbins & Thomsen, 2001; Green, Coupland, & Kitzinger, 1990; Hall & Holloway, 1998; Larkin, Begley, & Declan, 2009; Melender, 2006) and relates to birth satisfaction (Christiaens & Bracke, 2007; Doering, Entwisle, & Quinlan, 1980; Goodman, Mackey, & Tavakoli, 2004; Green & Baston, 2003; Knapp, 1996; Lavender, Walkinshaw, & Walton, 1999; Mackey, 1995, 1998; Simkin, 1991). More broadly, control has been proposed as a central theme across the social sciences (Gibbs, 1990), with various disciplines characterizing and applying the term differently to address particular concepts (Diamond, 1990).…”