Modeling the potential impacts of improved monthly income on child stunting in India: a subnational geospatial perspective

Kishore, Satvik; Thomas, Tinku; Sachdev, Harshpal Singh; Kurpad, Anura V; Webb, Patrick

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055098

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Compared to children of households with the richest wealth index, the odds of stunting were higher for children of households with the richer, middle, poorer, and poorest wealth indexes. This finding was in agreement with existing evidences [ 50 – 52 ]. It is plausible that children from low-income households are more likely to have growth failure due to poor nutrition, a higher risk of illness, and difficulties accessing basic health services [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low and lower-middle income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health survey

Tamir,

Gezhegn,

Dagnew

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Undernutrition poses a significant global public health challenge, adversely affecting childhood cognitive and physical development while increasing the risk of disease and mortality. Stunting, characterized by impaired growth and development in children due to insufficient psychological stimulation, frequent infections, and inadequate nutrition, remains a critical issue. Although economic growth alone cannot fully address the prevalence of stunting, there exists a robust correlation between a country’s income level and childhood stunting rates. Countries with higher incomes tend to have lower rates of childhood stunting. Notably, while childhood stunting is declining worldwide, it remains persistent in Africa. Consequently, this study aims to assess the prevalence of childhood stunting and its determinants in low- and lower-middle-income African countries Method This study conducted a secondary analysis of standard demographic and health surveys in low- and lower-middle-income African countries spanning the period from 2010 to 2022. The analysis included a total sample of 204,214 weighted children under the age of five years. To identify the determinants of stunting, we employed a multilevel mixed-effect model, considering the three levels of variables. The measures of association (fixed effect) were determined using the adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Significance was declared when the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variable had a p-value less than 0.05. Result In low and lower-middle-income African countries, 31.28% of children under five years old experience stunting, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 31.08% to 31.48%. The results from a multilevel mixed-effect analysis revealed that 24 months or more of age of child, male gender, low and high birth weight, low and high maternal BMI, no and low maternal education, low household wealth index, multiple (twin or triplet) births, rural residence, and low income of countries were significantly associated with childhood stunting. Conclusion Stunting among children under five years of age in low- and lower-middle-income African countries was relatively high. Individual, community, and country-level factors were statistically associated with childhood stunting. Equally importantly, with child, maternal, and community factors of stunting, the income of countries needs to be considered in providing nutritional interventions to mitigate childhood stunting in Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low and lower-middle income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health survey

Tamir,

Gezhegn,

Dagnew

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Economic, social environments and their inequality are important reasons for child malnutrition (Ghosh et al, 2020). This was also observed in Bangladesh, Ecuador, Cambodia, India, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Nepal, Parahmantan, Haiti, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Iran, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Peru [32,33,30,27,34,35,36]. In relation to maternal residential status, this was also reported in China, Bangladesh, and Guatemala [37,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Stunting Among Children Under Five Years in Lesotho: A Study of The Lesotho Multiple Cluster Indicator Study Of 2018

Leseba,

Vermaak,

Makatjane

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The growth pattern of a healthy, well-fed child is reflected in positive changes in their height and weight [1]. Globally, complex, and intertwined determinants of stunting have been explored at individual, household, and community level but not in Lesotho. The objective of the study is to investigate the determinants of stunting at individual, household, and community level. Methods We conducted a multilevel logistic regression using data from the Lesotho Multiple Cluster Indicator Study of 2018. Results In Lesotho a third (33.6%) of children under 5 were stunted in 2018. At individual level, child dietary intake, weight at birth and respiratory infection were determinants of stunting. At the household level, place of residence, household wealth, maternal residential status, maternal educational attainment, drinking water sources, and toilet facilities were also determinants of stunting. Moreover, at community levels, community female and male education, community poverty, sources of drinking water, toilet facilities and maternal media exposure were determinants of stunting in Lesotho in 2018. Conclusion There is evidence of variability in the data in relation to stunting at all levels of the study. It also shows that, child dietary intake and health, household care resources, and environments children reside in are important in improving child nutritional status. At the community level, knowledge and information acquisition and sharing are important in fighting child malnutrition. Therefore, strategies and programs to improve child nutritional status should be done in communities.

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“…Based on the results of the multivariate logistic regression test, it appears that among all the variables examined, only maternal age is significantly related to the incidence of stunting during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is mainly due to the different maternal ability to manage to spend and give priority to nutritional fulfillment for under-five children, including the provision of complementary foods to accompany breastfeeding [19]. Even, the greatest stunting protective effect was found in children cared for exclusively by their mothers [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Stunting Children Under Five of Age During the COVID-19 in the Working Area of the Liwuto-Primary Public Health Center, Baubau City-Indonesia: A Community-Based Unmatched Case–Control Study

Muhammadong

Malimpo

Karim

et al. 2023

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, the stunting prevalence has reached 24.4% in 2021. AIM: The study aims to examine the determinants of stunting among children under five of age during the COVID-19 pandemic in the working area of the Liwuto-Primary Public Health Center, Baubau city. METHODS: A community-based unmatched case–control study was conducted from January 10, to March 10, 2022, on a sample of 94, cases (n = 21), and controls (n = 73) of children aged 0–59 months with their respective mothers. Data were collected using a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and physical measurements standard. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. The variables were entered into the multivariable model using the backward stepwise regression approach. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p < 0.05 was used to declare the significance. RESULTS: There are 22% of the stunting become in children under 5 years. Stunting children under 5 years was associated with maternal age (AOR = 5.71, 95%, CI: 1.91–17.03). While family income (AOR = 1.78, 95%, CI: 0.17–18.86), exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 3.95, 95%, CI: 0.14–112.72), complementary feeding (AOR = 1.24, 95%, CI: 0.18–8.55), formal education (AOR = 0.74, 95%, CI: 0.36–1.53), and occupation (AOR = 2.98, 95%, CI: 0.24–36.55) were not associated with the stunting. CONCLUSION: Young mother under 30 years old was an important risk factor on the incidence of stunting in children under 5 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Modeling the potential impacts of improved monthly income on child stunting in India: a subnational geospatial perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low and lower-middle income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health survey

Prevalence of childhood stunting and determinants in low and lower-middle income African countries: Evidence from standard demographic and health survey

A Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Stunting Among Children Under Five Years in Lesotho: A Study of The Lesotho Multiple Cluster Indicator Study Of 2018

Determinants of Stunting Children Under Five of Age During the COVID-19 in the Working Area of the Liwuto-Primary Public Health Center, Baubau City-Indonesia: A Community-Based Unmatched Case–Control Study

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