Modeling the mineralogy of atmospheric dust sources

Claquin, T.; Schulz, Mıchael; Balkanski, Yves

doi:10.1029/1999jd900416

Cited by 461 publications

(551 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The GERBILS values are close (although lower) to those of the summertime DODO campaign (DODO2 in McConnell et al, 2008) and to those of the AMMA wet season campaign conducted over Niger (Formenti et al, 2011). This could be imputed to the different mineralogy of the Sahelian soils, which are expected to be richer in iron oxides than Saharan soils (Claquin et al, 1999). Nonetheless, the iron oxide content alone cannot explain the variability of the single scattering albedo.…”

Section: Scattering and Absorption Coefficients And Single Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 76%

Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign

Klaver

Formenti

Caquineau

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Regardless of origin, clays (illite, kaolinite) dominated the total volume (79-90%); the remainder was composed of quartz, calcium-rich minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum) and alkali feldspars. Iron oxides, measured using a selective chemical extraction method, accounted for 1-3% of the total dust mass. The dependence of particle number size and shape distribution on the origin of dust seems minor too, although our results might be slightly misleading due to the fact that those kinds of data have been gathered on flights when dust had comparable origins and residence time.Mineral dust is only weakly absorbing in the mid-visible wavelengths (single scattering albedo ω 0 > 0.95 at 550 nm), and ω 0 measured values can be reproduced by measuring the bulk fractions of the major minerals, i.e. clays, quartz, calcite and iron oxides. At this wavelength, knowledge of the nature of clays and iron oxides, or the state of mixing of the minerals, does not induce significant differences in the results. A more precise description of the nature of clays and iron oxides is necessary at lower wavelengths owing to larger differences in their spectral optical properties. In particular, knowledge of the nature of the dominant clay is important for determining light scattering in the backward hemisphere.

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Section: Scattering and Absorption Coefficients And Single Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 76%

Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign

Klaver

Formenti

Caquineau

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…For annual averages, correlations are 0.649 (P Ͻ 0.0001) and 0.615 (P Ͻ 0.0001), respectively. Crustal dust mobilization depends on a number of factors including wind velocity and surface conditions (e.g., type and density of vegetation cover), soil moisture content, and soil composition (22)(23)(24)(25), so both land-use and climate changes impact dust mobility and export. A plausible explanation for this close agreement between air temperatures and dust levels is that observed warming during the 20th century, possibly amplified by land-use changes (30), has resulted in decreased soil moisture and altered vegetation cover, enhancing dust mobility in the likely source regions for dust arriving at James Ross Island.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At many ice core sites, particularly coastal locations, the nssCa concentration may be uncertain because strong marine influences on glaciochemistry mean that up to 90% of total soluble calcium is derived from seawater, and varying fractionation of sea salt on sea ice surfaces and during transport means that the sea salt aerosol ratio does not always accurately reflect the seawater contribution (11,21). In addition, the nssCa-based proxy primarily represents the chemically weathered part of atmospheric dust because the bulk of nssCa and nssMg in atmospheric dust comes from finegrained calcium carbonate, dolomite, and gypsum deposits (17,18,(22)(23)(24)(25). The climate signal contained in the aluminosilicate dust record may differ significantly from that in the chemically weathered dust record because the former arises primarily from deposits of mechanically weathered sediments, such as glacial loess.…”

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confidence: 99%

20th-Century doubling in dust archived in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core parallels climate change and desertification in South America

McConnell

Aristarain

Banta

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

233

188

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Crustal dust in the atmosphere impacts Earth's radiative forcing directly by modifying the radiation budget and affecting cloud nucleation and optical properties, and indirectly through ocean fertilization, which alters carbon sequestration. Increased dust in the atmosphere has been linked to decreased global air temperature in past ice core studies of glacial to interglacial transitions. We present a continuous ice core record of aluminum deposition during recent centuries in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the most rapidly warming region of the Southern Hemisphere; such a record has not been reported previously. This record shows that aluminosilicate dust deposition more than doubled during the 20th century, coincident with the Ϸ1°C Southern Hemisphere warming: a pattern in parallel with increasing air temperatures, decreasing relative humidity, and widespread desertification in Patagonia and northern Argentina. These results have far-reaching implications for understanding the forces driving dust generation and impacts of changing dust levels on climate both in the recent past and future.aluminosilicate dust ͉ global warming ͉ human impacts ͉ Patagonia ͉ radiative transfer C rustal dust in the atmosphere has a direct impact on climate forcing in two significant ways: modifying the radiation balance and affecting cloud nucleation and optical properties (1, 2). Atmospheric crustal dust also supplies iron, an essential nutrient for phytoplankton, to ocean surface waters and may indirectly affect climate by modulating the biological export of carbon to the deep ocean (3). Impacts of atmospheric dust on regional radiation budgets are similar in magnitude to those from sulfate and biomass burning aerosols (4) but can be either negative or positive (1). Estimates of the optical properties of dust have been revised recently as a result of improved in situ and remote sensing measurements (5, 6), but warming has been predicted across areas of high albedo (7, 8) such as snow-and ice-covered regions of the Antarctic Peninsula where recent warming has been pronounced (9). Although atmospheric dustiness has been linked to large-amplitude, large-scale temperature changes in past ice core studies of glacial to interglacial transitions (10, 11), it is unclear whether projected climate warming in coming decades to centuries will result in more or less atmospheric dust (12). Decadal changes in dust flux have been reported for ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula (13, 14), but reliable, high-time-resolution records of changes in dust levels during recent decades and centuries are sparse (15).Ice core records offer the possibility of reconstructing past changes in dust concentration (10,11,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Most previous high-resolution ice core studies used as proxies of atmospheric dust the non-sea-salt component of soluble calcium (nssCa) or magnesium (nssMg) that are computed by using estimated elemental ratios in sea salt aerosols (11,19). At many ice core sites, particularly coastal locations, the nssCa ...

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“…In addition, mineral dust provides the land and ocean with nutrients (Duce and Tindale, 1991;Jickells and Spokes, 2001), causes damage to human health through the inhalation of fine particulate matter (Prospero et al, 2008;Samoli et al, 2011;Prospero and Mayol-Bracero, 2013) and causes disruption to transport and economy with intense episodes of reduced visibility (Prospero, 1999;Goudie and Middleton, 2006). Ambient measurements of mineral dust composition are important for validation of global dust cycle models and their incorporation into atmospheric models (Claquin et al, 1999;Nickovic et al, 2012;Perlwitz et al, 2015). Differentiation of the mineral phase is particularly useful for the provenance of transported dust because distinct mass fraction ratios of mineral types, such as calcite content and illite/kaolinite ra-tio, can be used as signatures of potential source area (PSA) (Caquineau et al, 2002;Scheuvens et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online differentiation of mineral phase in aerosol particles by ion formation mechanism using a LAAP-TOF single-particle mass spectrometer

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Mineralogy of silicate mineral dust has a strong influence on climate and ecosystems due to variation in physiochemical properties that result from differences in composition and crystal structure (mineral phase). Traditional offline methods of analysing mineral phase are labour intensive and the temporal resolution of the data is much longer than many atmospheric processes. Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is an established technique for the online size-resolved measurement of particle composition by laser desorption ionisation (LDI) followed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Although non-quantitative, the technique is able to identify the presence of silicate minerals in airborne dust particles from markers of alkali metals and silicate molecular ions in the mass spectra. However, the differentiation of mineral phase in silicate particles by traditional mass spectral peak area measurements is not possible. This is because instrument function and matrix effects in the ionisation process result in variations in instrument response that are greater than the differences in composition between common mineral phases.In this study, we introduce a novel technique that enables the differentiation of mineral phase in silicate mineral particles by ion formation mechanism measured from subtle changes in ion arrival times at the TOF-MS detector. Using a combination of peak area and peak centroid measurements, we show that the arrangement of the interstitial alkali metals in the crystal structure, an important property in silicate mineralogy, influences the ion arrival times of elemental and molecular ion species in the negative ion mass spectra. A classification scheme is presented that allowed for the differentiation of illite-smectite, kaolinite and feldspar minerals on a single-particle basis. Online analysis of mineral dust aerosol generated from clay mineral standards produced mineral fractions that are in agreement with bulk measurements reported by traditional XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis.

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Modeling the mineralogy of atmospheric dust sources

Cited by 461 publications

References 68 publications

Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign

Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign

20th-Century doubling in dust archived in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core parallels climate change and desertification in South America

Online differentiation of mineral phase in aerosol particles by ion formation mechanism using a LAAP-TOF single-particle mass spectrometer

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