Modeling the influence of sinking anhydrite blocks on salt diapirs targeted for hazardous waste disposal

Koyi, Hemin

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0387:mtiosa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The hornblende porphyries at Qom Kuh were carried up the diapir to the surface, even though they are denser than salt; thus salt rose faster than the porphyry blocks sank (as modelled by Weinberg, 1993;Koyi, 2001). For sluggish diapirs, dense roof rafts or intrasalt blocks may sink back down the throat of the diapir and obstruct further salt rise.…”

Section: Transport and Fate Of Rafts At Extrusion Marginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakout of squeezed stocks: dispersal of roof fragments, source of extrusive salt and interaction with regional thrust faults

2014

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We used seven scaled physical models to explore the near-surface structural evolution of shallowly buried, actively rising salt stocks. The models consisted of dry sand, ceramic microspheres and silicone. Previously dormant stocks rose because of lateral squeezing or pumping of salt from below. The pressure of rising salt created a dynamic bulge in the crest of the diapir, which arched the overlying roof sediments. Eventually this dynamic bulge collapsed and its overlying roof broke into rafts along subradial grabens. The rafts were dispersed outwards by shear traction of spreading salt, surmounting an upturned collar of country rock and eventually grounding at the front of the extrusive flow. Flow of salt around these stranded fragments created a lobate extrusion front, common in submarine salt sheets in the Gulf of Mexico and subaerial salt glaciers in Iran. Stock geometry, regional dip and roof density affected extrusion rates and spreading directions. Stocks leaning seaward extruded salt faster and farther than did upright stocks. Dense roofs foundered and plugged the vent, limiting surface extrusion. In tilted models, broad salt sheets spread asymmetrically downslope. Stock contents were inverted within the extruded salt sheet: successively deeper parts of the stock's core rose to the surface and overran salt extruded from the shallower parts of the diapir. As shortening continued, salt from the source layer reached the surface after being driven out by thrusting. A central thrust block, or primary indenter, moved ahead of surrounding thrust blocks, impinging against and squeezing the stock into an elliptical planform. After high shortening, secondary indenters converged obliquely into the salt stock, expelling salt from the periphery of the diapir. The models shed light on (1) the origin and fate of large rafts or carapace blocks atop allochthonous salt, (2) cuspate margins of salt sheets and (3) interaction of thrusting, diapir pinch-off and emplacement of allochthonous salt sheets.

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Section: Transport and Fate Of Rafts At Extrusion Marginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakout of squeezed stocks: dispersal of roof fragments, source of extrusive salt and interaction with regional thrust faults

2014

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“…One (pressure solution creep) corresponds to Newtonian viscous rheology with a viscosity dependent on grain size and temperature, the other (dislocation creep) corresponds to the power law creep with a high stress exponent, here creep is mainly temperature-dependent. Based on the deformation mechanisms of rock salt, modelers can choose an effective viscosity which is an implementation of power law creep, making a combination of viscosity associated with both dislocation and solution-precipitation creep (a similar approach is used in many other papers by the salt tectonics modeling community such as van Keken et al 1993;Koyi 2001;Ings and Beaumont 2010).…”

Section: Deformation Mechanisms Of Rock Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a geological time scale, rock salt is a ductile material and behaves like a Newtonian fluid (Schultz-Ela and Jackson 1993;van Keken et al 1993;Koyi 2001;Gemmer et al 2004). In recent years, salt mechanics including the theory, experiment and modeling of creep behavior has made progress in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of rock salt for salt tectonics modeling

Urai

2016

Pet. Sci.

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Numerical modeling of salt tectonics is a rapidly evolving field; however, the constitutive equations to model long-term rock salt rheology in nature still remain controversial. Firstly, we built a database about the strain rate versus the differential stress through collecting the data from salt creep experiments at a range of temperatures (20-200°C) in laboratories. The aim is to collect data about salt deformation in nature, and the flow properties can be extracted from the data in laboratory experiments. Moreover, as an important preparation for salt tectonics modeling, a numerical model based on creep experiments of rock salt was developed in order to verify the specific model using the Abaqus package. Finally, under the condition of low differential stresses, the deformation mechanism would be extrapolated and discussed according to microstructure research. Since the studies of salt deformation in nature are the reliable extrapolation of laboratory data, we simplified the rock salt rheology to dislocation creep corresponding to power law creep (n = 5) with the appropriate material parameters in the salt tectonic modeling.

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“…The rise and fall of a dense layer in salt diapirs is modeled in numerical way by Chemia, (2008) [1]. The influence of sinking blocks on salt diapirs is modeled by Koyi et al (2001) [2]. The upward transport of inclusions in Newtonian and power-law salt diapirs is researched by Weinberg (1993) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upward transport of inclusions in Newtonian and power-law salt diapirs is researched by Weinberg (1993) [3]. The analogue model is set up to see the influence of sinking blocks on salt diapirs in Koyi et al (2001) [2]. Some reports focus the in-situ stress model of the stringer in salt such as Van den Bogert et al (1998) [4], Eelman et al (1997) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Validation of FEM Simulation of the Sinking of Carbonate Inclusion in Salt

Li¹

2016

dteees

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Abstract.A large number of salt bodies do contain layers of carbonate material, often called 'stringers'. The movement and deformation of those embedded carbonate bodies is a process which is not fully understood yet. In particular, given the density contrast between the salt and the denser carbonates, the stringers tend to sink towards the bottom of the salt bodies at a velocity which is highly dependent on the mechanical properties of both the salt and the carbonates. We have chosen to employ Finite Element Modeling (FEM), using the FEM package ABAQUS (SIMULIA, Dassault Systems), for the numerical simulation of the sinking of carbonate stringers embedded in the salt. In order to confirm the validity of the chosen numerical approach we show the results of three sets of numerical simulations performed to compare the flow behavior of salt in our FE model to both theoretical and experimental results. This is an efficient preparation for the FEM simulation of the sinking of a carbonate stringer embedded in the salt.

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Modeling the influence of sinking anhydrite blocks on salt diapirs targeted for hazardous waste disposal

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Breakout of squeezed stocks: dispersal of roof fragments, source of extrusive salt and interaction with regional thrust faults

Breakout of squeezed stocks: dispersal of roof fragments, source of extrusive salt and interaction with regional thrust faults

Rheology of rock salt for salt tectonics modeling

Method Validation of FEM Simulation of the Sinking of Carbonate Inclusion in Salt

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