Modeling the Flow of Water on Aircraft in Icing Conditions

Myers, T.G.; Thompson, Chris

doi:10.2514/2.472

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The safety and performance of modern aircraft are significantly reduced even by light, scarcely visible ice on airfoils, compression inlets of air-breathing engines, and air flow measurement instruments. In-flight icing occurs mainly under certain weather conditions during the holding time before landing, usually at altitudes 9000−20 000 ft, when the aircraft exterior might be subjected to impact of supercooled water droplets present in the upper troposphere and cirrus clouds. , These droplets, which range in size , from 0 to 500 μm, collide with the cool skin of the aircraft and may cause ice accretion, thus compromising safety. In another example, ice buildup on wind turbine blades adversely affects blade aerodynamics, thus increasing drag and, in turn, robbing the energy output of the turbine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Superhydrophobic Surfaces Best for Icephobicity?

Jung

Dorrestijn

Raps³

et al. 2011

Langmuir

588

483

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Ice formation can have catastrophic consequences for human activity on the ground and in the air. Here we investigate water freezing delays on untreated and coated surfaces ranging from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and use these delays to evaluate icephobicity. Supercooled water microdroplets are inkjet-deposited and coalesce until spontaneous freezing of the accumulated mass occurs. Surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness and higher wettability display unexpectedly long freezing delays, at least 1 order of magnitude longer than typical superhydrophobic surfaces with larger hierarchical roughness and low wettability. Directly related to the main focus on heterogeneous nucleation and freezing delay of supercooled water droplets, the observed ensuing crystallization process consisted of two distinct phases: one very rapid recalescent partial solidification phase and a subsequent slower phase. Observations of the droplet collision process employed for the continuous liquid mass accumulation up to the point of ice formation reveal a previously unseen atmospheric-pressure, subfreezing-temperature regime for liquid-on-liquid bounce. On the basis of the entropy reduction of water near a solid surface, we formulate a modification to the classical heterogeneous nucleation theory, which predicts the observed freezing delay trends. Our results bring to question recent emphasis on super water-repellent surface formulations for ice formation retardation and suggest that anti-icing design must optimize the competing influences of both wettability and roughness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Superhydrophobic Surfaces Best for Icephobicity?

Jung

Dorrestijn

Raps³

et al. 2011

Langmuir

588

483

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show abstract

“…Aiming at addressing the problem of flat water film flow, Myers et al [20,21] theoretically derived the prediction formula for continuous water film thickness. For the problem in this article, it can be simplified into a two-dimensional water film flow equilibrium height formula:…”

Section: Water Film Flow Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research on the Influence of Roughness on Water Film Flow

et al. 2021

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Icing phenomena are one of the hot issues in the aviation field, which has attracted the attention of many manufacturers. The physical process of water film flow determines the position and amount of icing. In this paper, the flow process of water film on a rough surface is studied. An experimental platform was built in a wind tunnel, and the digital image processing (DIP) technology was used to measure the water film flow. The water film flow under different roughness conditions of the plate was obtained in the experiments. The correction model of interfacial shear coefficient is established, and the influence of roughness on water film flow is deduced. The relationship obtained in this paper can provide data support for the study of gas-water coupled flows on rough surfaces.

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“…A flow model of the water film under aircraft icing condition has been derived by Myers [30,31], in which multiple effect factors are obtained, including ambient pressure, surface tension, gravity and shear stress. Myers' model was then applied in glaze icing, runback ice ridge and anti-icing simulations [32,33,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean film thickness under different (a) wind speed Ua and (b) film Reynolds number Ref. Schematic diagram of water film flow modelA formula for predicting the thickness of a continuous water film on aircraft in icing conditions was first derived theoretically by Myers[30,31], assuming that the film flow was stable. The model clarified the relationship between the interfacial shear stress and the equilibrium film thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of shear-driven water film flows on horizontal metal plate

Leng

Chang

2018

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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In this article, an experimental investigation has been conducted to characterize the instantaneous thickness of the surface water film driven by high-speed airflow pertinent to aerodynamic icing and anti-icing modeling. Non-intrusive results of the film flowing on a metal plate were obtained using the high-speed camera and confocal chromatic technique. The wind speed (Ua) ranges from 17.8 m/s to 52.2 m/s, and the film Reynolds number (Ref) ranges from 26 to 128. The effect of the high-speed airflow on the structure of the wave film was observed and analyzed qualitatively. A new correlation of the interfacial shear factor was proposed for the prediction of the average film thickness. The predictions were compared with the previous annular flow models by applying the dimensionless analysis method and a good agreement is achieved. The superficial roughness, characterized by root-mean-square of the thickness, was well-correlated using a piecewise linear function of the average film thickness. Furthermore, a comprehensive description of the superficial waves including spectrum analysis and division of film thickness data between underlying film and large waves was presented. Transformations of the wave frequency and amplitude with the wind speed and the film Reynolds number were also addressed.

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Modeling the Flow of Water on Aircraft in Icing Conditions

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Are Superhydrophobic Surfaces Best for Icephobicity?

Are Superhydrophobic Surfaces Best for Icephobicity?

Experimental Research on the Influence of Roughness on Water Film Flow

Experimental investigation of shear-driven water film flows on horizontal metal plate

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