Modeling the extracellular matrix in cell migration and morphogenesis: a guide for the curious biologist

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly complex structure through which biochemical and mechanical signals are transmitted. In processes of cell migration, the ECM also acts as a scaffold, providing structural support to cells as well as points of potential attachment. Although the ECM is a well-studied structure, its role in many biological processes remains difficult to investigate comprehensively due to its complexity and structural variation within an organism. In tandem with experiments, mathematical models are helpful in refining and testing hypotheses, generating predictions, and exploring conditions outside the scope of experiments. Such models can be combined and calibrated with in vivo and in vitro data to identify critical cell-ECM interactions that drive developmental and homeostatic processes, or the progression of diseases. In this review, we focus on mathematical and computational models of the ECM in processes such as cell migration including cancer metastasis, and in tissue structure and morphogenesis. By highlighting the predictive power of these models, we aim to help bridge the gap between experimental and computational approaches to studying the ECM and to provide guidance on selecting an appropriate model framework to complement corresponding experimental studies.

Tendon extracellular-matrix-derived tissue engineering micro-tissue for Achilles tendon injury regeneration in rats

“…ECM is a complex macromolecular structure that occupies the space between cells and is mainly responsible for signal transduction between cells, regulating growth and proliferation, and providing mechanical support [ 29 ]. The TECM is rich in matrix protein, which promotes seed cell proliferation and differentiation towards tendon tissue while maintaining the stem cell phenotype and inhibiting heterotopic ossification [ 30 ]. Furthermore, TECM significantly improves the mechanical properties of the repaired tissue while controlling the repair process of the injured tendon by inhibiting or activating the matrix metalloproteinases of seed cells [ 14 ].…”

A Review of Advances in Molecular Imaging of Rheumatoid Arthritis: From In Vitro to Clinic Applications Using Radiolabeled Targeting Vectors with Technetium-99m

“…Integrins are heterodimers, glycoprotein transmembrane receptors consisting of the α and β subunits with binding sites for the Extracellular matrix (ECM) [ 132 , 133 ]. Upon binding to the ECM, integrins remodel the ECM by upregulating the extrusion of various proteases [ 134 ]. Integrins regulate various cellular functions, such as motility, survival, invasion, and inflammation [ 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 ].…”

Evaluation of Vasculogenic Factors in the Developing Embryo at Weeks Five and Seven With a Special Focus on CD133 and TIE2 Markers

“…Embryonic tissue and embryonic appendages have always been controversial microscopic aspects in terms of the existence and functionality of certain histological structures during fetal development [1] and the maternal-fetal interrelationship [2]. The morphological aspects of placental structures are sometimes overlooked even in high-risk or prematurely terminated pregnancies [3], which negatively impacts the subsequent elucidation of causes leading to these undesirable events.…”