Modeling the Effect of Parametric Variations on Soot Particle Size Distribution in a Diesel Engine

Duvvuri, Pavan Prakash; Sukumaran, Sujith; Shrivastava, Rajesh; Sreedhara, S.

doi:10.1115/1.4044563

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…53,56 CI engines emit carbonaceous PM consisting of an elemental carbon core with several organic compounds, sulfates, nitrogen-oxides, metals, and irritants (Figure 1). 57,58 In addition, PM consists of various chemical compounds such as carbonyl compounds, light aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, and nitro-PAHs. Many of these PAHs are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic.…”

Section: Particulate Emissions Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…190 Diesel PM contains organic and inorganic elements forming carbonaceous particles, 61 which are emitted by the engine along with NOx, CO, HCs, aldehydes, and CO 2 . 58 Generally, diesel PM is an aggregate of spherical carbon with adsorbed inorganic and organic elements. 191 Small carbonaceous particles, sulfur, oxygen, carbon, and regulated emissions constitute the inorganic fractions.…”

Section: Diesel Particulate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…190 Diesel PM contains organic and inorganic elements forming carbonaceous particles, 61 which are emitted by the engine along with NOx, CO, HCs, aldehydes, and C O 2 . 58…”

Section: Soot Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Section: Particulate Emissions Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diesel Particulate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The DSM model 14,37 discretizes the soot PSD in to a number of sections, each representing a particular size. Transport equation for soot in each section is solved similar to equation (7) while accounting for the entry and exit of soot particles in to the section using the source terms for various soot processes.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of soot models for reacting sprays in diesel engine-like conditions

Duvvuri¹,

Shrivastava²,

Sreedhara

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Stringent emission legislations and growing health concerns have contributed to the evolution of soot modeling in diesel engines from simple empirical relations to methods involving detailed kinetics and complex aerosol dynamics. In this paper, four different soot models have been evaluated for the high temperature, high pressure combusting dodecane spray cases of engine combustion network (ECN) spray A which mimics engine-relevant conditions. The soot models considered include an empirical, a multistep, a method of moments based, and a discrete sectional method soot model. Two experimental cases with ambient oxygen volume of 21% and 15% have been modeled. A good agreement between simulations and experiments for vapor penetration and heat release rate has been obtained. Quasi-steady soot volume fraction contours for the four soot models have been compared with experiments. Contours of the species and source terms involved in soot modeling have also been compared for a better understanding of soot processes. The empirical soot model results in higher magnitude and spread of soot due to a lack of modeling framework for oxidation through OH species. Among the four models studied, the multistep soot model has been observed to provide the most promising agreement with the experimental data in terms of distribution of soot and location of peak soot volume fraction. Due to a two-way coupling of soot models, the detailed models predict an upstream location for soot as compared to the multi-step soot model which is one way coupled. A significant difference (of an order of magnitude) in the concentration of PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) precursor between multistep and detailed soot models has been observed because of precursor consumption due to the coupling of detailed soot models with chemical kinetics. It is recommended that kinetic schemes, especially those concerning PAH, be validated with experimental data with a kinetics-coupled soot model.

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“…Soot consists of particles with different physical (non-uniform shapes of varying sizes) and chemical properties [18][19][20]. At the end of the flame plume, the bright yellow sooty flame is due to the heated soot particles during the fuel combustion [21][22][23].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript N O T C O P Y E D I T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Aromatic Structures and Content in Formulated Fuel for Jet Engine Applications on Particulate Matter Emissions

Zheng

Singh

Cronly

et al. 2021

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Fuel formulation with particular selection of fuel components is a promising approach that offer the reduction of harmful emissions without altering the combustion system performance. Each fuel component has their own combustion characteristics and hence contribution in emissions. Aromatic is one of the main component of fossil based fuels and have a strong correlation with the formation of PM emissions. Besides aromatics presence in fuel is essential for compatibility of fuel with combustion system and maintaining the energy density of the fuel. In this regard, a Rolls Royce combustor rig was used to test 16 aromatics blended with jet fuels in three different proportions. Moreover, a novel approach of flame luminosity imaging is employed to measure the PM emissions through the soot propensity profile. The results show that PM emissions increase with the proportional increase of aromatics. The di- and cyclo-aromatics produced significantly higher PM emissions compared to alkyl-benzenes. 3-isopropylcumene has the tendency to lowest PM formation and thus is a consideration as a selection of aromatic type in future fuels for lower PM emissions. Furthermore, it was also observed that PM number concentration measured by extractive method with DMS500 instrument correlates well with imaging methods for all the tested fuels. The present study provides an information of particular selection of aromatic for future fuel development.

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Modeling the Effect of Parametric Variations on Soot Particle Size Distribution in a Diesel Engine

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Comparison of soot models for reacting sprays in diesel engine-like conditions

Impact of Aromatic Structures and Content in Formulated Fuel for Jet Engine Applications on Particulate Matter Emissions

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