Modeling The Economic Burden Of Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In The United States

Ozawa, Sachiko; Portnoy, Allison; Getaneh, Hiwote; Clark, Samantha; Knoll, Maria Deloria; Bishai, David; Yang, Hongseok; Patwardhan, Pallavi

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0462

Cited by 125 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These infections contribute to a substantial share of transfers to acute care hospitals [5], with nearly one third of LTCF residents with pneumonia who may require hospital admission [6]. Despite the significant morbidity and economic burden imposed by P&I among older adults, including in non-epidemic years [7][8][9], there is scant contemporary research that comprehensively assesses the risk factors for P&I resulting in hospitalization among LTCF residents. Particular focus on P&I among LTCF residents, whether short-or long-stay, is especially warranted given that close living quarters and shared caregivers found in an institutional environment can increase the risk of exposure to infections and rate of transmission [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in long-term care facility residents: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background: Older adults who reside in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at particularly high risk for infection, morbidity and mortality from pneumonia and influenza (P&I) compared to individuals of younger age and those living outside institutional settings. The risk factors for P&I hospitalizations that are specific to LTCFs remain poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of P&I hospitalization and associated person-and facility-level factors among post-acute (short-stay) and long-term (long-stay) care residents residing in LTCFs from 2013 to 2015. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used Medicare administrative claims linked to Minimum Data Set and LTCF-level data to identify short-stay (< 100 days, index = admission date) and long-stay (100+ days, index = day 100) residents who were followed from the index date until the first of hospitalization, LTCF discharge, Medicare disenrollment, or death. We measured incidence rates (IRs) for P&I hospitalization per 100, 000 person-days, and estimated associations with baseline demographics, geriatric syndromes, clinical characteristics, and medication use using Cox regression models.Results: We analyzed data from 1,118,054 short-stay and 593,443 long-stay residents. The crude 30-day IRs (95% CI) of hospitalizations with P&I in the principal position were 26.0 (25.4, 26.6) and 34.5 (33.6, 35.4) among short-and long-stay residents, respectively. The variables associated with P&I varied between short and long-stay residents, and common risk factors included: advanced age (85+ years), admission from an acute hospital, select cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, impaired functional status, and receipt of antibiotics or Beers criteria medications. Facility staffing and care quality measures were important risk factors among long-stay residents but not in short-stay residents.Conclusions: Short-stay residents had lower crude 30-and 90-day incidence rates of P&I hospitalizations than long-stay LTCF residents. Differences in risk factors for P&I between short-and long-stay populations suggest the importance of considering distinct profiles of post-acute and long-term care residents in infection prevention and control strategies in LTCFs. These findings can help clinicians target interventions to subgroups of LTCF residents at highest P&I risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in long-term care facility residents: a retrospective cohort study

et al. 2020

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“…As a result of the low uptake of adult immunizations-also resulted in important human and economic consequences-it is now taken as a public health priority [3]. For example, in the USA alone, the economic burden associated with vaccine-preventable diseases was estimated at about $9 billion in 2015, and almost 80% of the financial burden ($7.1 billion) was due to unvaccinated adults [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readiness and willingness to provide immunization services: a survey of community pharmacists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Balkhi¹,

Aljadhey²,

AlRasheed³

et al. 2018

Saf Health

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Background: Immunization rates among the adult population in Saudi Arabia fall below desired targets, urging the need to expand this service in the community. Community pharmacists are recognized as highly accessible healthcare professionals, and community pharmacies-because of the convenient location and extended working hours-offer a unique place to provide a vaccination service. The aims of this study were to assess community pharmacists' readiness and willingness to provide an immunization service and to identify the factors that may support the implementation of such service in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional paper-based survey conducted in the community pharmacy setting in Riyadh region between February and April 2016. A questionnaire was developed to determine the pharmacists' readiness and willingness to provide immunization services. A convenience sample of community pharmacists from five different parts of Riyadh was reached and invited to participate. Results: Of the 179 invited community pharmacists, 139 completed the survey (response rate was 77.7%). Of the 139 respondents, 76 (55%) expressed their willingness to administer vaccines and establish an immunization service. Among the participants that had shown willingness, many explained their reasons in accepting this role, including their accessibility in the community (56/57, 98.3%) and the possibility of expansion in the rate of immunization coverage in certain age group, such as the elderly (47/51, 92.2%). The remaining 63 (45%) respondents who were not willing and ready to provide immunization services mainly agreed that a lack of training (46/61, 75.4%) and concerns in maintaining patient safety (31/46, 67.4%) were considered as barriers to deliver immunization services. Most importantly, continuous professional education and training workshop on immunization and pharmacist's interest were the main drivers of immunization service implementation. Conclusion: Community pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia are willing to provide immunization services. However, overcoming the barriers identified in this study is a key to success in any future planning for implementing immunization services in the community pharmacy setting. Future larger studies are also needed to explore patients' willingness and acceptability to use this service from community pharmacists.

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“…These infections account for 10% of global respiratory hospitalizations in children under 18 years of age[2]. Direct medical costs (2015) for influenza for inpatient care have been estimated at $3,650-$9,660 per case (reviewed in[3]) and a total economic burden of influenza exceeding $87 billion per year in the USA[4]. In Minnesota, USA, the 2014-15 influenza season was especially severe with 4,202 people hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection and 10 confirmed pediatric influenza-related deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for influenza A

Reiman

Das

Sindberg

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Modeling The Economic Burden Of Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In The United States

Cited by 125 publications

References 24 publications

Risk factors for pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in long-term care facility residents: a retrospective cohort study

Risk factors for pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in long-term care facility residents: a retrospective cohort study

Readiness and willingness to provide immunization services: a survey of community pharmacists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Humidity as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for influenza A

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