Modeling the dynamics of mental workload and human performance in complex systems

Rouse, William B.; Edwards, S.; Hammer, John M.

doi:10.1109/21.257761

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One definition is the capacity to perform (Lysaght et al, 1989). It can also be described as the demand placed upon humans during task performance (Rouse, Edwards, and Hammer, 1993). It is the total attention demand placed on the operators as they perform the mission tasks (Hamilton et al, 1991).…”

Section: Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Middlebrooks¹,

Jones²,

Henry³

2005

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(ABSTRACT)In today's technology based society the rapid proliferation of new machines and systems that would have been undreamed of only a few short years ago has become a way of life. Developments and advances especially in the areas of digital electronics and micro-circuitry have spawned subsequent technology based improvements in transportation, communications, entertainment, automation, the armed forces, and many other areas that would not have been possible otherwise. This rapid "explosion" of new capabilities and ways of performing tasks has been motivated as often as not by the philosophy that if it is possible to make something better or work faster or be more cost effective or operate over greater distances then it must inherently be good for the human operator. Taken further, these improvements typically are envisioned to consequently produce a more efficient operating system where the human operator is an integral component. The formal concept of human-system interface design has only emerged this century as a recognized academic discipline, however, the practice of developing ideas and concepts for systems containing human operators has been in existence since humans started experiencing cognitive thought.An example of a human system interface technology for communication and dissemination of written information that has evolved over centuries of trial and error development, is the book. It is no accident that the form and shape of the book of today is as it is. This is because it is a shape and form readily usable by human physiology whose optimal configuration was determined by centuries of effort and revision. This slow evolution was mirrored by a rate of technical evolution in printing and elsewhere that allowed new advances to be experimented with as part of the overall use requirement and need for the existence of the printed word and some way to contain it. Today, however, technology is advancing at such a rapid rate that evolutionary use requirements have no chance to develop along side the fast pace of technical progress. One result of this recognition is the establishment of disciplines like human factors engineering that have stated purposes and goals of systematic determination of good and bad human system interface designs. However, other results of this phenomenon are systems that get developed and placed into public use simply because new technology allowed them to be made. This development can proceed without a full appreciation of how the system might be used and, perhaps even more significantly, what impact the use of this new system might have on the operator within it.The U.S. Army has a term for this type of activity. It is called "stove-piped development." The implication of this term is that a system gets developed in isolation where the developers are only looking "up" and not "around." They are thus concerned only with how this system may work or be used for its own singular purposes as opposed to how it might be used in the larger community of existing systems and interfaces...

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Section: Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the concept of mental workload has yet to achieve a consistent definition in the research community. Part of the problem is that workload is both task specific and individual specific (Rouse et al, 1993). A start is the definition is that workload is the capacity to perform (Fallesen and Quinkert, 1990).…”

Section: Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Middlebrooks¹,

Jones²,

Henry³

2005

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“…De Waard (1996) defined driver workload as the individual reaction to driving task demand and further refers to Rouse et al, who defined experienced load, which is not only task-specific but also personspecific. (Rouse Edwards, & Hammer, 1993).…”

Section: Cognition and Traffic Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hearing loss on traffic safety and mobility

Thorslund¹

2014

Studies From the Swedish Institute for Disability Research

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Research into the effect of hearing loss (HL) on traffic safety and mobility is limited and the empirical findings are somewhat inconsistent. HL is one of the most frequent sensory deficits in humans, leading to loss of auditory information, which may affect behavior in traffic situations and might reduce traffic safety and mobility. The prevalence of age-related HL in Europe is roughly 30% for men and 20% for women at the age of 70 years, and 55% for men and 45% for women at the age of 80 years. The prevalence of age-related HL is increasing, and as a consequence the number of road users with HL will also increase.The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate traffic safety and mobility for individuals with HL. Three studies were conducted: 1. a questionnaire survey aimed to evaluate differences in choice of transportation that might be related to HL, 2. a driving simulator study that looked into compensatory strategies and evaluated the efficiency of a tactile signal to alert the driver, and 3. a field study to evaluate these effects in real traffic and to evaluate a navigation system with a supportive tactile signal.The results of the three studies indicate that there are effects of HL on traffic safety and mobility. The effects are relatively small and often bound to driving complexity; but, systematic and consistent in replicated studies. Differences in transportation habits related to HL include less likelihood of having a driver's license and a higher valuing of written information, with the latter possibly prioritized before time and safety issues. Moreover, respondents with more HL were less concerned about the effects of HL, which suggests that they might be using compensatory strategies.In the experimental studies, differences in driving behavior related to HL were bound to driving conditions and occurred when the complexity of the driving task increased. There was also an effect of HL on visual behavior, indicated in the simulator and confirmed in the field study, suggesting that drivers with HL have more active visual behaviors with more frequent glances in the rear-view mirror and a general scanning of the environment before looking away from the road. A tactile signal in the driver seat was found useful in both experimental studies, both for calling for the driver's attention and facilitating navigation using a GPS navigation device.It was concluded that there are effects of HL on both traffic safety and mobility, consistently pointing toward a generally more cautious driving behavior with the use of both compensatory and coping strategies, which suggests a difference in experienced safety. Compensatory strategies associated with HL include driving at lower speeds and using a more comprehensive visual search behavior. Coping strategies associated with HL include engaging less in distracting activities. Evaluation of the tactile signal suggests that it may make driver assistance systems more accessible, not only to drivers with HL, but to all drivers. At the same time, the systems might bec...

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“…This makes the prediction of CW a key factor towards human centric design, concerning the development of adaptive HMI and adaptive assistant systems. (Rouse et al, 1993) (Wallhoff et al, 2007) To fulfill the requirement of adaptability, an assistive system needs to know the human users' cognitive capacity. Therefore, in order to adjust correspondingly to the user's needs, it is important to precisely model the user's perceived CW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Grained Prediction of Cognitive Workload in a Modern Working Environment by Utilizing Short-Term Physiological Parameters

Hörmann

Hesse

Christ

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies

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Abstract:In this paper we present a method to predict cognitive workload during the interaction with a tablet computer.To set up a predictor that estimates the reflected self-reported cognitive workload we analyzed the information gain of heart rate, electrodermal activity and user input (touch) based features. From the derived optimal feature set we present a Gaussian Process based learner that enables fine-grained and short term detection of cognitive workload. Average inter-subject accuracy in 10-fold cross validation is 74.1 % for the fine-grained 5-class problem and 96.0 % for the binary class problem.

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Modeling the dynamics of mental workload and human performance in complex systems

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Effects of hearing loss on traffic safety and mobility

Fine-Grained Prediction of Cognitive Workload in a Modern Working Environment by Utilizing Short-Term Physiological Parameters

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