Modeling the behavior of shallow groundwater system in sustaining arid agroecosystems with fragmented land use

Effects of different shallow and saline groundwater depths on soil salinity, evapotranspiration, grain yield and spike traits of winter wheat

“…Under shallow groundwater conditions, ET is strongly controlled by groundwater contribution, depth and salinity of the groundwater, crop variety, crop salt tolerance, climate and growing conditions and soil physical properties (Ayars et al, 2009; Soppe & Ayars, 2003; Xiao et al, 2021). In our study, ET considerably differed with an increase in GWDs and GWSs.…”

“…Therefore, suitable groundwater plays a crucial role in morpho‐physiological characteristics of the crops and agricultural sustainability. Shallow and saline groundwater conditions create an unsuitable soil water agroecosystem in the root zone, decreasing critical assimilates supply from root reserves to wheat crop grain (Xiao et al, 2021). As expected, increases in groundwater salinity considerably decreased growth attributes of wheat, including plant height, plant dry weight, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, grain number per spike, grain width and grain length.…”

“…Therefore, suitable groundwater plays a crucial role in morpho-physiological characteristics of the crops and agricultural sustainability. Shallow and saline groundwater conditions create an unsuitable soil water agroecosystem in the root zone, decreasing critical assimilates supply from root reserves to wheat crop grain (Xiao et al, 2021) (Ciancio et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Analytical Expressions of Drainable and Fillable Porosity for Layered Soils Under Shallow Groundwater Environments

“…where λ f is the fillable porosity, and ∆d s is the change in total storage deficit of the aquifer resulting from ∆h water table rise. The parameters λ d and λ f play a vital role in approaches of investigating the water table dynamics, such as subsurface modeling (Acharya et al, 2012;Hilberts et al, 2005;Wang, 2009;Xiao, Xu, Ren, et al, 2021) and estimation of groundwater consumption by plants (Acharya et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2017;Loheide et al, 2005;McLaughlin & Cohen, 2014). Under hydrostatic assumption, the λ d and λ f values are considered to be equal for a given water table depth (WTD) in previous research (e.g., Crosbie et al, 2005).…”

“…Besides, a parameter corresponding to the concept of λ d is the fillable porosity ( λ f ), which can be defined as the amount of water taken into a soil column extending from the ground surface to water table, per unit surface area of per unit rise in the water table (Acharya et al., 2012; Sophocleous, 1991), and can be estimated as (Acharya et al., 2012): $$${\lambda }_{f}=\frac{{\Delta}{d}_{s}}{A{\Delta}h}$$$ where λ f is the fillable porosity, and ∆ d s is the change in total storage deficit of the aquifer resulting from ∆ h water table rise. The parameters λ d and λ f play a vital role in approaches of investigating the water table dynamics, such as subsurface modeling (Acharya et al., 2012; Hilberts et al., 2005; Wang, 2009; Xiao, Xu, Ren, et al., 2021) and estimation of groundwater consumption by plants (Acharya et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2017; Loheide et al., 2005; McLaughlin & Cohen, 2014). Under hydrostatic assumption, the λ d and λ f values are considered to be equal for a given water table depth (WTD) in previous research (e.g., Crosbie et al., 2005).…”