Modeling the appearance of metal‐like packaging printing

Abstract

A study of the agreement between a visual assessment and the measurement of the reflectivity of printed metallic inks was performed. A psychophysical property for this percept was identified as visual brilliance. The visual judgments of a series of printed panels were compared with measurements from various types of specular reflectance instruments. The results showed that gloss does not linearly follow the appearance of highly reflective specular surfaces. It was observed that the visual assessment of brilliance was highly correlated to the normalized hemispherical diffuse reflectance factor difference. Further, visual brilliance could be mapped to a logarithmic function of the luminous specular reflectance factor and the measurement scale of log(Y) agreed with the scale of hemispherical diffuse reflectance. It was, thus, concluded that either of these measures may be utilized to establish aims and tolerances for production control of the reproduction of foil-like prints.

Review of instrumental inter‐agreement study of spectral and colorimetric data of commercial multiangle spectrophotometers

“…During the past century, the use of goniochromatic or special‐effect pigments has exponentially grown in many modern industries, from the automotive sector, as a pioneer user of these pigments, to others (coatings, cosmetics, dentistry, plastics, printing, textiles, etc). In the last several years, different color‐measuring instruments, multiangle spectrophotometers, were developed to measure and characterize special‐effect pigments (metallic, interference, pearlescent) used in many materials to create a particular visual appearance.…”

Multi‐angle measurement device for analysis of coating appearances

“…Therefore, the CIE technical committee is currently discussing the measurement and evaluation algorithms in detail 24,25 . In addition, various studies have analyzed the sparkle of the surface coatings 8‐18 . The spatial frequency characteristics were used to evaluate sparkle in this study.…”

“…Effect coatings containing aluminum and interference pigments, which are commonly referred to as metallic and interference coatings, respectively, have received considerable attention in recent years due to their various applications for different products, including automobiles and consumer electronics 8‐13 . These coatings are characterized by the variation of their color and sparkle with the observation angle, as shown in Figure 1.…”