“…Besides this exception, many models have accounted for the effect of ion-solvent forces by adding an independent "Born" term to the Helmholtz or Gibbs energy, or directly to the chemical potential of an ion. This has been the case of models based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS) 8,20 , on the cubic-plus-association (CPA) EOS 21,22 , on the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EOS 23 , on the electrolyte-NRTL model 3,24,25 , and on SAFTtype equations [10][11][12][13] . Another case is the II+IW model 26,27 in which the chemical potential of an ion comprises an ion-ion (II), and an ion-solvent (IW), interaction term.…”