Modeling Techniques in Planning of Terminals: The Quantitative Approach

Saanen, Yvo A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8408-1_5

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In their case, the equipment is controlled by an Equipment Control System (ECS), which is part of the standard IT setup of a CT. It is sometimes also subsumed in the term Terminal Operating System (TOS) [17]. Yang et al [18] describe a DT that monitors terminal operations enabling anomaly detection and operation analysis, all in real time.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into How to Enhance Container Terminal Operations with Digital Twins

Kastner,

Saporiti,

Lange

et al. 2024

Computers

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The years 2021 and 2022 showed that maritime logistics are prone to interruptions. Ports especially turned out to be bottlenecks with long queues of waiting vessels. This leads to the question of whether this can be (at least partly) mitigated by means of better and more flexible terminal operations. Digital Twins have been in use in production and logistics to increase flexibility in operations and to support operational decision-making based on real-time information. However, the true potential of Digital Twins to enhance terminal operations still needs to be further investigated. A Delphi study is conducted to explore the operational pain points, the best practices to counter them, and how these best practices can be supported by Digital Twins. A questionnaire with 16 propositions is developed, and a panel of 17 experts is asked for their degrees of confirmation for each. The results indicate that today’s terminal operations are far from ideal, and leave space for optimisation. The experts see great potential in analysing the past working shift data to identify the reasons for poor terminal performance. Moreover, they agree on the proposed best practices and support the use of emulation for detailed ad hoc simulation studies to improve operational decision-making.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into How to Enhance Container Terminal Operations with Digital Twins

Kastner,

Saporiti,

Lange

et al. 2024

Computers

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“…Petering et al (2009) [16] identified more than 40 simulation models, whose aim is to study container terminals. Issues concerning the design of automated marine container terminals using the methods of simulation can be found in many works, such as: Dulebenets et al (2015) [17], Saanen (2004) [14], Saanen (2011) [18], Duinkerken and Ottjes (2000) [19], Legato and Mazza (2001) [20], Liu et al (2002) [21], Liu and Dong (2008) [22], Vis and Harika (2004) [23], Nazari (2005) [24], Parola and Sciomachen (2005) [25], Zauner (2005) [26], Gunther and Kap-Hwan (2006) [27], Briskorn et al (2006) [28], Alessandri et al (2007) [29], Dai et al (2008) [30], Petering et al (2009) [16], Wiese et al (2009) [31], and Wiese et al (2010) [32]. Optimisation issues (exact optimisation approaches, heuristics and metaheuristics ones) must not be overlooked when considering various problems related to intermodal freight terminals.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reach stacker to raise a large type A cargo container from a tractor-trailer (telescopic arms of the load handling deviceextending them, adjusting them to the length of the container and blocking the position of the arms -this part of the operation lasts on average 13 seconds, while the rest, i.e., changing the angle of inclination of the telescopic arm and changing the length of the telescopic arm -the extension -lasts from 1 to 3 s, depending on the analyzed height of the type A container: 1A, 1AAA, 1AAAA -the average for these containers is 3 a tractor-trailer with a velocity of 5 km/h and a distance of 25 m (the time can be modified according to the wellknown physical relation between time, travel route and speed -also applies to operations 3, 6, and 9). Stoppage of a vehicle after an audio klaxon signal of a reach stacker operator18 18.04/17.257/ 18.706/0.329…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Operations upon Entry into Intermodal Freight Terminals

Kostrzewski

2019

Applied Sciences

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The design of intermodal freight terminals requires extensive research and a thorough analysis of the technical, financial and organizational aspects. In the paper, the operation of the reposition of large cargo containers (one of the types of intermodal transport units, ITUs) on the dedicated places is subjected to a discussion. The analysis is carried out with the use of a vehicle equipped with a telescopic arm, such as a reach stacker. The considered storage facility is reduced to a block characterized by spatial accumulation given in the paper. The description of the procedure for the execution of the handling operation from the arrival of a tractor-trailer with a container into a terminal, followed by the ITUs being set aside in a dedicated place and, in the end, the departure of the truck without load, is given in the paper. The activities are described in detail in order to present a descriptive model of particular operations upon entry to the intermodal freight terminal. Moreover, the paper contains relevant figures illustrating the various steps of realization and the analysis of duration of activities supported by actual realizations. The durations of the individual activities described in the paper are experimental, and the results have been validated on real-world intermodal freight terminals. Therefore, the authors believe that the obtained values may be used in analytical, simulation and numerical models of intermodal freight terminals.

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“…According to current trends, the terminal planning process is mainly supported by advanced simulation-based modelling approaches as stated in Vis and de Koster (2003), Steenken et al (2004), Stahlbock and Voβ (2008) and mainly in Angeloudis and Bell (2011). Saanen (2011) stated that a model is a simplified representation of reality that enables a designer or planner to PhD Thesis investigate the subject in a cost-efficient way and allows for the consideration of the dynamics in the system.…”

Section: Storage Yard Planning and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for improving import yard performance at container marine terminals

Martín Alcalde

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The process of containerization and its continuous development involves changes and technological innovations in containerships and maritime container terminals. In the current era of "gigantism", despite existing fleet overcapacity, shipping companies are booking larger and fuel-efficient vessels to benefit from economies of scale and to reduce operating costs. Consequently, port terminals have to cope with unprecedented container volumes and increasing demands, as a result, handling operations are likely to be subject to delay. In this context, container terminals are dealing with the huge challenge of readjusting themselves in order to, on one hand, improve productivity and level of service offered to the customers (minimize turnaround time) and, on the other hand, to manage terminal handling operations efficiently with the aim of reducing operating costs and becoming more competitive. Moreover, considering that adapting facilities and terminal infrastructures involves large investment and given the lack of space in many urban ports for expanding the operational area, the improvement of handling operations efficiency is more important than ever. Thus, many efforts are required to improve the productivity of container terminals by introducing efficient solutions and optimization techniques to decision-making processes and, on the other side, introducing technological improvements such as the automation of handling equipment. In light of this, this thesis is focused on the optimization of handling operations in the storage yard, which is considered to be the most complex terminal subsystem since terminal performance depends on its efficiency. In particular, it attempts to: (1) determine optimal storage space utilization by considering the yard inventory and congestion effects on terminal performance; (2) introduce new allocating storage strategies with the aim of minimizing the amount of rehandling moves, which are considered to be the most important cause of inefficiency in container yard terminals, and; (3) develop a generic storage pricing schedule to encourage customers to pick up their containers promptly and, as a consequence, reduce the average duration of stay, avoiding yard congestion. In order to tackle these issues, two different analytical models are introduced in this thesis. The first one aims to forecast storage yard inventory by dealing explicitly with stochastic behavior, yard inventory peaks and seasonal fluctuations. The second one, which is based on probabilistic and statistical functions, is derived to estimate the average number of rehandles when containers with different departure probabilities are mixed in the same stack. Finally, the numerical experiments presented in this thesis prove the usefulness of the different analytical models, yard design methods, cost models and operative and tactical strategies developed herein. These can be applied by other researchers, planners and terminal operators to optimize the yard handling processes, to improve their efficiency rates and to increase terminal throughput without incurring large investment. By being technically efficient, the terminal will be more cost-efficient as well, resulting in the overall optimization of terminal performance.

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Modeling Techniques in Planning of Terminals: The Quantitative Approach

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Insights into How to Enhance Container Terminal Operations with Digital Twins

Insights into How to Enhance Container Terminal Operations with Digital Twins

Analysis of Operations upon Entry into Intermodal Freight Terminals

Strategies for improving import yard performance at container marine terminals

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