Modeling study of a Li–O2 battery with an active cathode

Li, Xianglin; Huang, Jing; Faghri, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.062

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similarly, Li et al (2015) proposed an aprotic Li-O 2 design in which the electrolyte was recirculated through the cathode like a fuel cell and oxygen was dissolved into the electrolyte in a tank external to the battery. Simulation results showed that the convection effect significantly enhanced oxygen supply in the cathode and hence increased battery capacity significantly [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

Huang

Faghri

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

Huang

Faghri

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…These concepts can be applied to Li-O 2 cells: one study found that oxygen-binding perfluorinated additives improved discharge capacity [138]. No reports, to the best of our knowledge, have employed forced convection in Li-O 2 cells; however, continuum-scale models have predicted that the use of forced convection could significantly improve Li-O 2 discharge capacity [139].…”

Section: Other Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Non-aqueous Metal–Oxygen Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

Radin

Siegel

2015

Rechargeable Batteries

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A metal-oxygen battery (sometimes referred to as a 'metal-air' battery) is a cell chemistry in which one of the reactants is gaseous oxygen, O 2 . Oxygen enters the cell typically in the positive electrode-perhaps after being separated from an inflow of air-and dissolves in the electrolyte. The negative electrode is typically a metal monolith or foil. Upon discharge, metal cations present in the electrolyte react with dissolved oxygen and electrons from the electrode to form a metal-oxide or metal-hydroxide discharge product. In some chemistries the discharge product remains dissolved in the electrolyte; in other systems it precipitates out of solution, forming a solid phase that grows in size as discharge proceeds. In secondary metal-oxygen batteries the recharge process proceeds via the decomposition of the discharge phase back to O 2 and dissolved metal cations. In light of the processes associated with discharge and charging, reversible metal-oxygen batteries with solid discharge products are often referred to as precipitation-dissolution systems, a category that also includes lithium-sulfur batteries.The interest in metal-oxygen chemistries follows from their very high theoretical energy densities. Figure 1 summarizes the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities for several metal-oxygen couples, and compares these to the theoretical energy density of a conventional lithium-ion battery. On the basis of these energy densities, it is clear that many metal-oxygen systems hold promise for surpassing the state-of-the-art Li-ion system. Achieving this goal, however, remains a significant challenge when factors beyond energy density are accounted for: cycle life, round-trip efficiency, and cost

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“…38 Governing equations.-The governing equations of heat and mass transfer, summarized in Table I, are similar to the governing equations in our previous studies. 16,35 The continuity equation in the porous media can be written as:…”

Section: Assumptions-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,35 This study applies the CFD model to simulate the distribution of oxygen concentration, Li + concentration, reaction rate, and volume fraction of solid product. The novelty of this study is that properties of the porous electrode in the CFD model is determined by a statistics model that considers the change of the pore size distribution and critical pore size during discharge.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modeling Study of the Pore Size Evolution in Lithium-Oxygen Battery Electrodes

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study develops a statistics model that investigates the microstructural evolution of porous electrodes and couples the micro structural changes with a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the discharge performance of an 800-μm-thick electrode at 1 A/m 2 . This study considers the fact that pores that are too small to hold reactants, smaller than a critical pore size, do not contribute to the discharge of the battery. It is found that when the pore size of the electrode increases, the discharge capacity of the electrode first increases due to the improved mass transfer and then decreases due to the decrease of the effective surface area. For instance, when the critical pore size is set as 10 nm, the discharge capacity gradually increases from 86.6 to 214.8 mAh/g carbon when the mean pore size of the electrode increases from 10 to 50 nm, followed by a capacity decrease to 150.8 mAh/g carbon when the mean pore size further increases to 100 nm. This study also finds that alternating the discharge current between 0 (open circuit condition) and the setting current rate can increase the discharge capacity of the lithium-oxygen battery because the oxygen concentration in the electrode increases during the open circuit condition. The increasing energy demands from portable electronic devices and the target of 300 miles driving range of electric vehicles have placed tremendous pressure on current electrical storage systems. Electric storage technologies with very high specific energy are required in order to meet the ever increasing energy demand without significantly increase the weight of the energy storage system. The lithium-oxygen battery is considered as a promising energy storage technology for portable and transportation applications considering its exceptionally high specific energy. Within four types of lithiumoxygen batteries, 1 the battery using organic electrolyte has attracted the most attention.2 Although the active intermediates may react with non-aqueous electrolytes and produce lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium alkyl carbonate, 3-6 the main product is expected to be Li 2 O 2 2 . The overall reaction happens during charge and discharge of a lithium-oxygen battery using organic electrolyte is:The theoretical energy density of the lithium-oxygen battery is calculated to be 11,680 Wh (kg lithium) −1 or 2,790 Wh (kg lithium and oxygen) −1 . 7 The measured specific energy of lithium-oxygen batteries reported in literature, however, is less than 10% of the theoretical specific energy. 8,9 The power, capacity and efficiency of batteries are restricted by the cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE), which is typically made from carbon material, considering the high energy density of lithium metal and fast reaction rate of lithium electrode. 6,[10][11][12][13][14] In particular, the low solubility and diffusivity of oxygen in nonaqueous electrolytes limit the current density and the capacity of the battery.9,15-19 Meanwhile, pores with different sizes in the electrode have different im...

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Modeling study of a Li–O2 battery with an active cathode

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

Non-aqueous Metal–Oxygen Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

A Modeling Study of the Pore Size Evolution in Lithium-Oxygen Battery Electrodes

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